Sultan: the sovereign of a Muslim country, especially of the former Ottoman Empire
Embark: to board a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle, as for a journey.
Prostrating: lying face down on the ground, as in token of humility, submission, or adoration.
Dethroned: to remove from any position of power or authority.
Trifle: a matter, affair, or circumstance of trivial importance or significance.
Valet: a male servant who attends to the personal needs of his employer, as by taking care of clothing or the like; manservant.
Prodigy: anything that is a cause of wonder and amazement
Sovereign: Having supreme rank, power, or authority
Matapan: A cape in S Greece, at the S tip of the Peloponnesus.
Melos: A Greek island in the Cyclades, in the SW Aegean
Samos: A Greek island in the E Aegean.
Patras: A seaport in the Peloponnesus, in W Greece, on the Gulf of Patras.
Dardanelles: the strait between European and Asian Turkey, connecting the Aegean Sea with the Sea of Marmara
Marmora: A sea in NW Turkey, between European and Asian Turkey, connected with the Black Sea by the Bosporus, and with the Aegean by the Dardanelles.
Scutari: A lake between NW Albania and S Yugoslavia.
Calamities: a great misfortune or disaster, as a flood or serious injury
Presume: to take for granted, assume, or suppose
Bosporus: A strait between European and Asian Turkey, linking the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara
Galley: Any of various kinds of ship propelled by oars or sails used in ancient or medieval times as a warship or as a trader
Uttered: to give audible expression to; speak or pronounce
Eminent: high in station, rank, or repute; prominent; distinguished
Profound: penetrating or entering deeply into subjects of thought or knowledge; having deep insight or understanding
Metaphysician: studies nature of reality, concerned with such questions as the existence of God, the external world, etc.
Sequin: a former gold coin of Turkey, Malta, and Venice
Cleaves: to penetrate or advance by or as if by cutting (usually followed by through)
Embrace: to take or clasp in the arms; press to the bosom; hug
Simultaneous: existing, occurring, or operating at the same time; concurrent
Abraham: the first of the great Biblical patriarchs, father of Isaac, and traditional founder of the ancient Hebrew nation: considered by Muslims an ancestor of the Arab peoples through his son Ishmael
Ransom: the redemption of a prisoner, slave, or kidnapped person, of captured goods, etc., for a price
Liberator: to give liberty to; make free
Summoned: to call for the presence of, as by command, message, or signal; call
Constantinople: is located in Istanbul, Turkey. It was captured by Ottoman Turks in 1453 and became the capital of their empire. Throughout the middle ages, Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest city's in Europe. The name of the city was officially changed to Istanbul in 1930.
Voltaire is satirizing society and nobility. He is making fun of how the kings were being dethroned and how people didn't really feel bad for them because it was becoming very common for that to happen. "All I presume is that there are millions of men on earth a hundred times more to be pitied than King Charles Edward, the Emperor Ivan, and the Sultan Achmet." (109) Exaggeration and Understatement "It's quite common for kings to be dethroned, and as for the honor we've had of eating supper with them, it's a trifle that doesn't deserve our attention." (108) Warped Logic
Voltaire is also satirizing how money is used. He does this by showing us how Candide and Cacambo used Candide's wealth. "First of all, I gad to give two million to... for his permission to take Lady Cunegonde away." (108) Exaggeration ""Tell me, Levantine captain, how much money do you want for the ransom of Lord Thunder-ten-tronckh, one of the most eminent barons of the Empire, and of Dr. Pangloss, the most profound metaphysician in Germany?" (110) exaggeration and Understatement.(At this point, Voltaire may also be saterizing death because Candide saw Pangloss die before his own eyes, yet here he was- he uses exaggeration).
-Cacambo: a quarter Spanish, born of a half-Indian father in the Tucuman province of Argentina. He had been a choir boy, a sexton, a sailor, a monk, a commercial agent, a soldier and a servant. He is now Candide's beloved valet and traveling companion. They experience Eldorado together. Towards the end, it is Cacambo who arranges for Candide to find Cunégonde again.
-Venice: an Italian, Venezia. A seaport in NE Italy, built on numerous small islands in the Lagoon of Venice.
-Ikaria: a Greek island in the Aegean Sea: a part of the Southern Sporades group.
-King Charles Edward: was the second Jacobite pretender to the thrones of Great Britain (England and Scotland), and Ireland.
-Levantine: a cloth of twilled silk
-Transylvania:a region of central and NW Romania: belonged to Hungary from the 11th century until 1918;
*Voltaire is satirizing optimism because even though Cunegonde had become very ugly, Candide still loves her. Also, Candide showed optimism by buying the freedom of Cacambo, Pangloss and the baron with a lot of money.
-“But what even sadder is that she’s lost her beauty and become horribly ugly.”(102) (Irony) This shows that Cunegonde is no longer as beautiful as she was, which is ironic because she used to be so beautiful that many man wanted her.
-“Ah, whether she’s beautiful or ugly, I’m a honorable man,”… “and my duty is to love her forever.” (102)(Irony) This shows Candide’s optimism because he believes that no matter how ugly Cunedgonde had become, he still needs to love her because he is a gentleman.
-“Stop, sir, stop!” Cried Candide. “I’ll give you as much money as you want.” (103) (warped logic) This shows warped logic because Candide is paying for two slaves that he doesn’t know.
*I agree with Wendolinne because Voltaire is satirizing society. He is making fun of Pangloss and the Baron. He is trying to say that Pangloss is the human folly and the baron is the human arrogance. Voltaire is saying human folly and human arrogance never dies like Pangloss and the Baron because people are always believing in stupidities and thinking that they are superior.
-“Is this a dream?” said Candide. “Am I awake? Am I really in this galley?” (103) (exaggeration) This is exaggeration because Candide believes that he is dreaming.
-“How is it that I didn’t kill you, my dear baron?” he asked.” (104) (Understatement) This is understatement because Candide is making it sound like is no big deal that he have kill the Baron.
Martin - Martin is a cynical scholar whom Candide befriends as a travel companion. Martin has suffered a great deal in his life and preaches a philosophy of undiluted pessimism. More knowledgeable and intelligent than either Candide or Pangloss, Martin is nonetheless a flawed philosopher. Because he always expects nothing but the worst from the world, he often has trouble seeing the world as it really is
Cunégonde - Cunégonde is the daughter of a German baron who acts as Candide’s benefactor until he discovers Candide’s love for his daughter. Throughout much of the novel, Cunégonde is young and beautiful. After her father’s castle is destroyed in war, a number of exploitative men enslave her or use her as a mistress. Cunégonde returns Candide’s love but is willing to betray him for the sake of her own interests. Like him, she is neither intelligent nor complex. Her very blandness casts a satiric light on Candide’s mad romantic passion for her.
Cacambo - Cacambo becomes Candide’s valet when Candide travels in South America. A mixed-race native of the Americas, Cacambo is highly intelligent and morally honest. He is savvy and single-handedly rescues Candide from a number of scrapes. He is also directly responsible for Candide’s reunion with Cunégonde. As a practical man of action, he stands in direct opposition to ineffectual philosophers such as Pangloss and Martin.
The old woman - The old woman was born the daughter of a Pope. She has experienced the death of a fiancé, rape by pirates, slavery, and cannibalism in wartime. She becomes Cunégonde’s servant. Her misfortunes have made her cynical about human nature, but she does not give in to self-pity. She is wise, practical, and loyal to her mistress. Though she has often been close to suicide, she always finds a reason to live.
The Commander or the baron - The baron is Cunégonde’s brother. After his family’s castle is destroyed in wartime, he becomes a Jesuit priest. It is implied numerous times that he has homosexual tendencies. He is arrogant about his family’s noble lineage and, though he is fond of the commoner Candide, he refuses to allow Candide to marry Cunégonde.
voltaire is satirizing death. understatement- "Is this the baron I killed? Is this the Dr. Pangloss I saw hanged?" (103) This is an understatement because Candide makes it sound like killing someone and seeing someone hang is no big deal when it actually is. This is satirical because time after time and the baron and Pangloss can't die. They have the ability not to die and they keep appearing in Candide's life. Irony- "How is it that I didn't kill you, my dear baron?" (104)
Vocabulary: Cacambo- Candide's servant he is balanced in beliefs Sultan Ahmed- businessman in Dubai port Constantinople- Istanbul, Turkey Martin- philosopher embarked- go on board a ship, vechicle prostranting- reduce one to weakened state miserable Highness- Emperor Aziz Ud- Din Bey Mirza Venice- Italy dethroned- remove (a ruler) from power trife- thing of little value, importance valet- male's personal male attendant prodigy- a young person Marmora- (Maramara) Northwest Turkey's Sea Sovereign- a supreme ruler Rogotski- ruler, prince Metapan, Melos, Ikaria, Samos,Patras- Greece Dardanelles- Europe Marmora- Italy Scutari- Turkey sultan- Muslim prince calamites- disasters Bosporus- narrow passage that connects two seas Levantine- Eastern part of Meditterian Jesuit- member of society Jesus eminent- famous person metaphysician- a conversation with no bias; principle of knowing and causes galley- low, flat ship with one or more sail sequins- Renetian gold coin liberators- a person that releases people from capitivity
Pirates- Pirates had ruled the Miditerranean, from 1194 BC til the 19th century. They would attack other merchant ships and take the goods. So it can be true that "pirate expertly robbed us all the rest and took us to ..." (108)
This can also be folly, because it said "A" pirate robed all of them and traveled thorugh out Europe. They are pirates, so they are around seas/ water, no in Greece(Matapan, Melos, etc).
Irony: "You'll have it sir: take me back to...after hear Candide's first offer, however, the Levantine captin had already turned this ship toward the city...faster than a bird cleaves the air."
Since the captin looks so money hungry, won't he change the offer to a higher price, to get more benefits, since Candide will offer any price. So the captin is not expected of what I thought he was suppose to do.
This is follying sailora and nobility at the same moment, because as a sailor you dont earn much like a noble. So why wont a sailor go for more money for himself if he has the chance. Plus the noble, Candide is being blackmailed. Also, he is not doing anything about it, he saw them die, so why isn't he questioning. For example its like "Oh i thought u died, why are you still alive, I'll bail you out so you can explan" he could had asked directl what happened and then think do he still want them, Pangloss and the baron to be freed with him.
"the baron thanked him with a nod and promisedto pay him back the money at the first opportunity."(111)
this is understatement, because didnt Candide killed this baron himself? The baron is acting like he never got killed by him, and acts like "oh its ok, you tried to kill me, now u save me, and i'll give you fifty sepuins for free". This is like the baron is losing, at a disadvantage, because more was taken outta him. He's is trying to show that nothing happened, while he could have been dead.
This is follying death, of how one died already in the book, but was actually fatalism, and came back, and would continue on like nothing happened. This is exactly like Pangloss that died twice, Cunegonde that died once, and the baron who also died once.
I disagree with Simon about Voltaire satirizing death because he is actually satirizing society.Voltaire is trying to say that each of the character that doesn't die represent an aspect of human. For example, as I said before, Pangloss represent the human folly because he believes everything in the world is for the best. Then the baron represents the human arrogance because he is noble and think he is superior. Lastly, Cunegonde represents the aspects of women because she have been treated in different ways and the way she acts as a woman. The reason that they never die because in society people believe in stupidities,think they are superior and consider woman as objects. These human aspects would never stop because that is how society it is. Therefore, those characters never dies and that shows that Voltaire is making fun of the society.
I agree with Simon and disagree with Yuris because Voltaire is satirizing death. Pangloss and Cunegonde's brother keep defying all odds and keep popping up wherever Candide is. In the book Voltaire writes "how is it that I didn't kill you, my dear baron?" (104). The barons son keeps being alive time after time which shows that Voltaire is satirizing immortality because none of the main characters in "Candide" actually die. That is why I believe that Simon is right and Yuris is wrong.
I agree with Simon and Prisma that Voltaire is saterizing death because people that Candide has seen or thought dead, have somehow found him. For example, when he found Cunegonde and she was alive. Now he finds Pangloss and the baron alive, "Is this a dream? Am I awake? Am I really in this galley? Is this the baron I killed? Is this the Dr. Pangloss I saw hanged?" "Yes, it is, it is!" they replied" (110). Even though these people should have been dead, here they are. I still agree with Yuris that Voltaire is satirizing society.
I agree with Yuris that Voltaire is satirizing optimism because in the book he is making fun of how even though after everything Candide has been through, he still believes in Pangloss theory. He acts as if nothing has happened and moves on with his journey. “Once again, my dear Pangloss was right: everything is for the best.” (107) Understatement This is an understatement because at this point Pangloss’s theory seems irrational. All the misfortunes that Candide has been through weren’t all necessarily for the best, yet again he still believes in what Pangloss taught him. Voltaire is also satirizing peace in the world because throughout the book there has been a positive event that happens but with them come negative events. There is never a moment when everything in calm and without a problem, just like in everyday life. Voltaire is trying to show that there will never be peace in the world. For example in the book Martin, one of Candide’s travel companion says “I don’t know what scales your Pangloss would use to weigh the misfortunes of men and judge their sorrows,”. This shows that man won’t stop causing misfortunes because there are always sorrows happening every day.
Emperor Ivan- He was named emperor as an infant. He only lasted for one year because Peter the Great's daughter overthrew him. Ivan was then imprisoned for life. When he tried to escape, his own guards killed him.
Emperor Ahmad - name: Ahmad Shah Bahadur. He inherited the throne of the Mughal Empire after his father. The Empire was collapsing when he started ruling. Ahmad ruled unsuccessfully for 6 years. Then he was overthrown by the Vizier Ghazi ud-Din and later blinded. For the rest of his life he was imprisoned and died in prison.
King Charles Edward - best known to be unsuccessful as an instigator during the Jacobite uprising. He lead a revolt that was defeated in the Battle of Culloden. He was also part of a French plan to invade the British Isles but the plan was later forgotten after British naval victories.
I disagree with Yaliz's time period elements because there is more details and events in each element.
Emperor Ivan(Ivan VI of Russia)-(born Aug. 23, 1740, St. Petersburg, Russia — died July 16, 1764, Shlisselburg Fortress, near St. Petersburg) Infant emperor of Russia (1740 – 41). The grandnephew of Empress Anna, Ivan was proclaimed her heir and then emperor, with his mother as regent, when he was only eight weeks old. In 1741 they were deposed by Elizabeth, daughter of Peter I, and for the next 20 years he remained in solitary confinement in various prisons. In 1764, when an army officer tried to free Ivan to restore him to power and remove Catherine II, who had seized the throne in 1762, Ivan was assassinated by his jailers.
Emperor Ahmed(Ahmed III)- 1673-1736, Ottoman sultan (1703-30), brother and successor of Mustafa II to the throne of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey). He gave asylum to Charles XII of Sweden and to Mazepa after Peter the Great of Russia had defeated (1709) them at Poltava. Charles's advice helped to bring about war between Turkey and Russia (1710-11). By the Treaty of the Pruth (1711), Turkey recovered Azov and the surrounding territory from Russia. Ahmed seized (1715) the Peloponnesus and the Ionian Isles (except Corfu) from Venice, but he was defeated by the Austrians under Prince Eugene of Savoy in 1716-18. By the Treaty of Passarowitz (1718), Banat, Lesser Walachia, and N Serbia, including Belgrade, were lost to the Hapsburg emperor. Ahmed's grand vizier (chief executive officer) after 1718 was Ibrahim, who encouraged learning by establishing several notable libraries and favored the rise of Greek Phanariots (see under Phanar) to high offices. The sultan and his minister were overthrown by the Janissaries, who were jealous of the new aristocracy. Ahmed's nephew Mahmud I became sultan, and Ahmed died in prison.
Sources
For Emperor Ivan- http://www.answers.com/topic/ivan-vi(12/28/11 at 10:15 PM) For Emperor Ahmed- http://www.answers.com/topic/ahmed-iii(12/28/11 at 10:16 PM)
Charles Edward Stuart was born in Rome on Dec. 31, 1720, the eldest son of James Francis Edward Stuart, commonly styled the Old Pretender. His mother was Princess Clementina. As a result of disagreements between his parents, Charles received a desultory education at the hands of Jesuit priests, Protestants, and Jacobite soldiers. However, he developed a taste for music and the other fine arts and was an intelligent conversationalist.
Charles served with credit under the Duke of Liria at the siege of Gaeta (1734), and as he grew up - charming, magnanimous, and brave - he increasingly became the focus of the waning Jacobite cause. In July 1745, encouraged by promises of French aid and Scottish sympathy, he sailed for Scotland with two ships, landing in the Hebrides on August 2. The Scots advised him to return to France. "I am come home," he replied, "and I will not return to France, for I am persuaded that my faithful Highlanders will stand by me." Most of the Highland clans joined Charles, and on August 19 the royal standard was unfurled and Charles began his march south. At the battle of Prestonpans the Jacobites defeated an English force sent against them, and for the first time they posed a serious threat to the English government.
Charles and his army then crossed into England. On November 27 they reached Preston, having avoided the government army under Marshal George Wade. News of the capitulation of Derby horrified London, where all business was suspended. The Jacobites, however, were already contemplating retreat because expected English sympathizers had not joined them and the French had sent no reinforcements. On December 6 the Highland army began to retreat. It defeated Wade's force at Falkirk, but a second government army under the Duke of Cumberland completely routed the Highlanders at the battle of Culloden Moor on April 16, 1746.
Culloden marked the end of Charles's hopes. For 5 months he wandered, a fugitive, in western Scotland, before escaping to the Continent with the help of Flora Macdonald aboard a French ship. The king of France continued to extend moral support to the Jacobite cause until 1748, when, in accordance with the Treaty of Aixla-Chapelle, Charles was expelled from France. His movements during the next few years remain uncertain. He lived for some time in Paris with his mistress, Mrs. Wilkenshaw, and several times during the 1750s he visited London in unsuccessful attempts to revive his cause.
Source
For Charles Edward Stuart- http://www.answers.com/topic/charles-edward-stuart(12/28/11 at 10:20 PM)
Sultan: the sovereign of a Muslim country, especially of the former Ottoman Empire
ReplyDeleteEmbark: to board a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle, as for a journey.
Prostrating: lying face down on the ground, as in token of humility, submission, or adoration.
Dethroned: to remove from any position of power or authority.
Trifle: a matter, affair, or circumstance of trivial importance or significance.
Valet: a male servant who attends to the personal needs of his employer, as by taking care of clothing or the like; manservant.
Prodigy: anything that is a cause of wonder and amazement
Sovereign: Having supreme rank, power, or authority
Matapan: A cape in S Greece, at the S tip of the Peloponnesus.
Melos: A Greek island in the Cyclades, in the SW Aegean
Samos: A Greek island in the E Aegean.
Patras: A seaport in the Peloponnesus, in W Greece, on the Gulf of Patras.
Dardanelles: the strait between European and Asian Turkey, connecting the Aegean Sea with the Sea of Marmara
Marmora: A sea in NW Turkey, between European and Asian Turkey, connected with the Black Sea by the Bosporus, and with the Aegean by the Dardanelles.
Scutari: A lake between NW Albania and S Yugoslavia.
Calamities: a great misfortune or disaster, as a flood or serious injury
Presume: to take for granted, assume, or suppose
Bosporus: A strait between European and Asian Turkey, linking the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara
Galley: Any of various kinds of ship propelled
by oars or sails used in ancient or medieval times as a warship or as a trader
Uttered: to give audible expression to; speak or pronounce
Eminent: high in station, rank, or repute; prominent; distinguished
Profound: penetrating or entering deeply into subjects of thought or knowledge; having deep insight or understanding
Metaphysician: studies nature of reality, concerned with such questions as the existence of God, the external world, etc.
Sequin: a former gold coin of Turkey, Malta, and Venice
Cleaves: to penetrate or advance by or as if by cutting (usually followed by through)
Embrace: to take or clasp in the arms; press to the bosom; hug
Simultaneous: existing, occurring, or operating at the same time; concurrent
Abraham: the first of the great Biblical patriarchs, father of Isaac, and traditional founder of the ancient Hebrew nation: considered by Muslims an ancestor of the Arab peoples through his son Ishmael
Ransom: the redemption of a prisoner, slave, or kidnapped person, of captured goods, etc., for a price
Liberator: to give liberty to; make free
Summoned: to call for the presence of, as by command, message, or signal; call
Constantinople: is located in Istanbul, Turkey. It was captured by Ottoman Turks in 1453 and became the capital of their empire. Throughout the middle ages, Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest city's in Europe. The name of the city was officially changed to Istanbul in 1930.
ReplyDeleteRefuge: a place of shelter or protection from danger
ReplyDeletePangloss: a person who views a situation with unjustified optimism
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeletedisfigure: to damage the appearance of beauty; deform
ReplyDeleteVoltaire is satirizing society and nobility. He is making fun of how the kings were being dethroned and how people didn't really feel bad for them because it was becoming very common for that to happen.
ReplyDelete"All I presume is that there are millions of men on earth a hundred times more to be pitied than King Charles Edward, the Emperor Ivan, and the Sultan Achmet." (109) Exaggeration and Understatement
"It's quite common for kings to be dethroned, and as for the honor we've had of eating supper with them, it's a trifle that doesn't deserve our attention." (108) Warped Logic
Voltaire is also satirizing how money is used. He does this by showing us how Candide and Cacambo used Candide's wealth.
ReplyDelete"First of all, I gad to give two million to... for his permission to take Lady Cunegonde away." (108) Exaggeration
""Tell me, Levantine captain, how much money do you want for the ransom of Lord Thunder-ten-tronckh, one of the most eminent barons of the Empire, and of Dr. Pangloss, the most profound metaphysician in Germany?" (110) exaggeration and Understatement.(At this point, Voltaire may also be saterizing death because Candide saw Pangloss die before his own eyes, yet here he was- he uses exaggeration).
Yuris Ng Pang
ReplyDelete-Cacambo: a quarter Spanish, born of a half-Indian father in the Tucuman province of Argentina. He had been a choir boy, a sexton, a sailor, a monk, a commercial agent, a soldier and a servant. He is now Candide's beloved valet and traveling companion. They experience Eldorado together. Towards the end, it is Cacambo who arranges for Candide to find Cunégonde again.
-Venice: an Italian, Venezia. A seaport in NE Italy, built on numerous small islands in the Lagoon of Venice.
-Ikaria: a Greek island in the Aegean Sea: a part of the Southern Sporades group.
-King Charles Edward: was the second Jacobite pretender to the thrones of Great Britain (England and Scotland), and Ireland.
-Levantine: a cloth of twilled silk
-Transylvania:a region of central and NW Romania: belonged to Hungary from the 11th century until 1918;
*Voltaire is satirizing optimism because even though Cunegonde had become very ugly, Candide still loves her. Also, Candide showed optimism by buying the freedom of Cacambo, Pangloss and the baron with a lot of money.
-“But what even sadder is that she’s lost her beauty and become horribly ugly.”(102) (Irony)
This shows that Cunegonde is no longer as beautiful as she was, which is ironic because she used to be so beautiful that many man wanted her.
-“Ah, whether she’s beautiful or ugly, I’m a honorable man,”… “and my duty is to love her forever.” (102)(Irony)
This shows Candide’s optimism because he believes that no matter how ugly Cunedgonde had become, he still needs to love her because he is a gentleman.
-“Stop, sir, stop!” Cried Candide. “I’ll give you as much money as you want.” (103) (warped logic)
This shows warped logic because Candide is paying for two slaves that he doesn’t know.
*I agree with Wendolinne because Voltaire is satirizing society. He is making fun of Pangloss and the Baron. He is trying to say that Pangloss is the human folly and the baron is the human arrogance. Voltaire is saying human folly and human arrogance never dies like Pangloss and the Baron because people are always believing in stupidities and thinking that they are superior.
-“Is this a dream?” said Candide. “Am I awake? Am I really in this galley?” (103) (exaggeration)
This is exaggeration because Candide believes that he is dreaming.
-“How is it that I didn’t kill you, my dear baron?” he asked.” (104) (Understatement)
This is understatement because Candide is making it sound like is no big deal that he have kill the Baron.
Martin - Martin is a cynical scholar whom Candide befriends as a travel companion. Martin has suffered a great deal in his life and preaches a philosophy of undiluted pessimism. More knowledgeable and intelligent than either Candide or Pangloss, Martin is nonetheless a flawed philosopher. Because he always expects nothing but the worst from the world, he often has trouble seeing the world as it really is
ReplyDeleteCunégonde - Cunégonde is the daughter of a German baron who acts as Candide’s benefactor until he discovers Candide’s love for his daughter. Throughout much of the novel, Cunégonde is young and beautiful. After her father’s castle is destroyed in war, a number of exploitative men enslave her or use her as a mistress. Cunégonde returns Candide’s love but is willing to betray him for the sake of her own interests. Like him, she is neither intelligent nor complex. Her very blandness casts a satiric light on Candide’s mad romantic passion for her.
ReplyDeleteCacambo - Cacambo becomes Candide’s valet when Candide travels in South America. A mixed-race native of the Americas, Cacambo is highly intelligent and morally honest. He is savvy and single-handedly rescues Candide from a number of scrapes. He is also directly responsible for Candide’s reunion with Cunégonde. As a practical man of action, he stands in direct opposition to ineffectual philosophers such as Pangloss and Martin.
The old woman - The old woman was born the daughter of a Pope. She has experienced the death of a fiancé, rape by pirates, slavery, and cannibalism in wartime. She becomes Cunégonde’s servant. Her misfortunes have made her cynical about human nature, but she does not give in to self-pity. She is wise, practical, and loyal to her mistress. Though she has often been close to suicide, she always finds a reason to live.
ReplyDeleteThe Commander or the baron - The baron is Cunégonde’s brother. After his family’s castle is destroyed in wartime, he becomes a Jesuit priest. It is implied numerous times that he has homosexual tendencies. He is arrogant about his family’s noble lineage and, though he is fond of the commoner Candide, he refuses to allow Candide to marry Cunégonde.
ReplyDeletevoltaire is satirizing death.
ReplyDeleteunderstatement- "Is this the baron I killed? Is this the Dr. Pangloss I saw hanged?" (103)
This is an understatement because Candide makes it sound like killing someone and seeing someone hang is no big deal when it actually is. This is satirical because time after time and the baron and Pangloss can't die. They have the ability not to die and they keep appearing in Candide's life.
Irony- "How is it that I didn't kill you, my dear baron?" (104)
Simon Cheng
ReplyDeleteVocabulary:
Cacambo- Candide's servant he is balanced in beliefs
Sultan Ahmed- businessman in Dubai port
Constantinople- Istanbul, Turkey
Martin- philosopher
embarked- go on board a ship, vechicle
prostranting- reduce one to weakened state
miserable Highness- Emperor Aziz Ud- Din Bey Mirza
Venice- Italy
dethroned- remove (a ruler) from power
trife- thing of little value, importance
valet- male's personal male attendant
prodigy- a young person
Marmora- (Maramara) Northwest Turkey's Sea
Sovereign- a supreme ruler
Rogotski- ruler, prince
Metapan, Melos, Ikaria, Samos,Patras- Greece
Dardanelles- Europe
Marmora- Italy
Scutari- Turkey
sultan- Muslim prince
calamites- disasters
Bosporus- narrow passage that connects two seas
Levantine- Eastern part of Meditterian
Jesuit- member of society Jesus
eminent- famous person
metaphysician- a conversation with no bias; principle of knowing and causes
galley- low, flat ship with one or more sail
sequins- Renetian gold coin
liberators- a person that releases people from capitivity
Time Period Elements:
ReplyDeletePirates-
Pirates had ruled the Miditerranean, from 1194 BC til the 19th century. They would attack other merchant ships and take the goods.
So it can be true that "pirate expertly robbed us all the rest and took us to ..." (108)
This can also be folly, because it said "A" pirate robed all of them and traveled thorugh out Europe. They are pirates, so they are around seas/ water, no in Greece(Matapan, Melos, etc).
Elements of Satire:
ReplyDeleteIrony: "You'll have it sir: take me back to...after hear Candide's first offer, however, the Levantine captin had already turned this ship toward the city...faster than a bird cleaves the air."
Since the captin looks so money hungry, won't he change the offer to a higher price, to get more benefits, since Candide will offer any price. So the captin is not expected of what I thought he was suppose to do.
This is follying sailora and nobility at the same moment, because as a sailor you dont earn much like a noble. So why wont a sailor go for more money for himself if he has the chance. Plus the noble, Candide is being blackmailed. Also, he is not doing anything about it, he saw them die, so why isn't he questioning. For example its like "Oh i thought u died, why are you still alive, I'll bail you out so you can explan" he could had asked directl what happened and then think do he still want them, Pangloss and the baron to be freed with him.
Understatement:
ReplyDelete"the baron thanked him with a nod and promisedto pay him back the money at the first opportunity."(111)
this is understatement, because didnt Candide killed this baron himself? The baron is acting like he never got killed by him, and acts like "oh its ok, you tried to kill me, now u save me, and i'll give you fifty sepuins for free". This is like the baron is losing, at a disadvantage, because more was taken outta him. He's is trying to show that nothing happened, while he could have been dead.
This is follying death, of how one died already in the book, but was actually fatalism, and came back, and would continue on like nothing happened. This is exactly like Pangloss that died twice, Cunegonde that died once, and the baron who also died once.
I disagree with Simon about Voltaire satirizing death because he is actually satirizing society.Voltaire is trying to say that each of the character that doesn't die represent an aspect of human. For example, as I said before, Pangloss represent the human folly because he believes everything in the world is for the best. Then the baron represents the human arrogance because he is noble and think he is superior. Lastly, Cunegonde represents the aspects of women because she have been treated in different ways and the way she acts as a woman. The reason that they never die because in society people believe in stupidities,think they are superior and consider woman as objects. These human aspects would never stop because that is how society it is. Therefore, those characters never dies and that shows that Voltaire is making fun of the society.
ReplyDeleteI agree with Simon and disagree with Yuris because Voltaire is satirizing death. Pangloss and Cunegonde's brother keep defying all odds and keep popping up wherever Candide is. In the book Voltaire writes "how is it that I didn't kill you, my dear baron?" (104). The barons son keeps being alive time after time which shows that Voltaire is satirizing immortality because none of the main characters in "Candide" actually die. That is why I believe that Simon is right and Yuris is wrong.
ReplyDeleteI agree with Simon and Prisma that Voltaire is saterizing death because people that Candide has seen or thought dead, have somehow found him. For example, when he found Cunegonde and she was alive. Now he finds Pangloss and the baron alive, "Is this a dream? Am I awake? Am I really in this galley? Is this the baron I killed? Is this the Dr. Pangloss I saw hanged?" "Yes, it is, it is!" they replied" (110). Even though these people should have been dead, here they are.
ReplyDeleteI still agree with Yuris that Voltaire is satirizing society.
I agree with Yuris that Voltaire is satirizing optimism because in the book he is making fun of how even though after everything Candide has been through, he still believes in Pangloss theory. He acts as if nothing has happened and moves on with his journey.
ReplyDelete“Once again, my dear Pangloss was right: everything is for the best.” (107) Understatement
This is an understatement because at this point Pangloss’s theory seems irrational. All the misfortunes that Candide has been through weren’t all necessarily for the best, yet again he still believes in what Pangloss taught him.
Voltaire is also satirizing peace in the world because throughout the book there has been a positive event that happens but with them come negative events. There is never a moment when everything in calm and without a problem, just like in everyday life. Voltaire is trying to show that there will never be peace in the world. For example in the book Martin, one of Candide’s travel companion says “I don’t know what scales your Pangloss would use to weigh the misfortunes of men and judge their sorrows,”. This shows that man won’t stop causing misfortunes because there are always sorrows happening every day.
Time Period Elements
ReplyDeleteEmperor Ivan- He was named emperor as an infant. He only lasted for one year because Peter the Great's daughter overthrew him. Ivan was then imprisoned for life. When he tried to escape, his own guards killed him.
Emperor Ahmad - name: Ahmad Shah Bahadur. He inherited the throne of the Mughal Empire after his father. The Empire was collapsing when he started ruling. Ahmad ruled unsuccessfully for 6 years. Then he was overthrown by the Vizier Ghazi ud-Din and later blinded. For the rest of his life he was imprisoned and died in prison.
yaliz campos's post on top
ReplyDeleteyaliz campos
ReplyDeleteKing Charles Edward - best known to be unsuccessful as an instigator during the Jacobite uprising. He lead a revolt that was defeated in the Battle of Culloden. He was also part of a French plan to invade the British Isles but the plan was later forgotten after British naval victories.
I disagree with Yaliz's time period elements because there is more details and events in each element.
ReplyDeleteEmperor Ivan(Ivan VI of Russia)-(born Aug. 23, 1740, St. Petersburg, Russia — died July 16, 1764, Shlisselburg Fortress, near St. Petersburg) Infant emperor of Russia (1740 – 41). The grandnephew of Empress Anna, Ivan was proclaimed her heir and then emperor, with his mother as regent, when he was only eight weeks old. In 1741 they were deposed by Elizabeth, daughter of Peter I, and for the next 20 years he remained in solitary confinement in various prisons. In 1764, when an army officer tried to free Ivan to restore him to power and remove Catherine II, who had seized the throne in 1762, Ivan was assassinated by his jailers.
Emperor Ahmed(Ahmed III)- 1673-1736, Ottoman sultan (1703-30), brother and successor of Mustafa II to the throne of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey). He gave asylum to Charles XII of Sweden and to Mazepa after Peter the Great of Russia had defeated (1709) them at Poltava. Charles's advice helped to bring about war between Turkey and Russia (1710-11). By the Treaty of the Pruth (1711), Turkey recovered Azov and the surrounding territory from Russia. Ahmed seized (1715) the Peloponnesus and the Ionian Isles (except Corfu) from Venice, but he was defeated by the Austrians under Prince Eugene of Savoy in 1716-18. By the Treaty of Passarowitz (1718), Banat, Lesser Walachia, and N Serbia, including Belgrade, were lost to the Hapsburg emperor. Ahmed's grand vizier (chief executive officer) after 1718 was Ibrahim, who encouraged learning by establishing several notable libraries and favored the rise of Greek Phanariots (see under Phanar) to high offices. The sultan and his minister were overthrown by the Janissaries, who were jealous of the new aristocracy. Ahmed's nephew Mahmud I became sultan, and Ahmed died in prison.
Sources
For Emperor Ivan- http://www.answers.com/topic/ivan-vi(12/28/11 at 10:15 PM)
For Emperor Ahmed- http://www.answers.com/topic/ahmed-iii(12/28/11 at 10:16 PM)
Charles Edward Stuart was born in Rome on Dec. 31, 1720, the eldest son of James Francis Edward Stuart, commonly styled the Old Pretender. His mother was Princess Clementina. As a result of disagreements between his parents, Charles received a desultory education at the hands of Jesuit priests, Protestants, and Jacobite soldiers. However, he developed a taste for music and the other fine arts and was an intelligent conversationalist.
ReplyDeleteCharles served with credit under the Duke of Liria at the siege of Gaeta (1734), and as he grew up - charming, magnanimous, and brave - he increasingly became the focus of the waning Jacobite cause. In July 1745, encouraged by promises of French aid and Scottish sympathy, he sailed for Scotland with two ships, landing in the Hebrides on August 2. The Scots advised him to return to France. "I am come home," he replied, "and I will not return to France, for I am persuaded that my faithful Highlanders will stand by me." Most of the Highland clans joined Charles, and on August 19 the royal standard was unfurled and Charles began his march south. At the battle of Prestonpans the Jacobites defeated an English force sent against them, and for the first time they posed a serious threat to the English government.
Charles and his army then crossed into England. On November 27 they reached Preston, having avoided the government army under Marshal George Wade. News of the capitulation of Derby horrified London, where all business was suspended. The Jacobites, however, were already contemplating retreat because expected English sympathizers had not joined them and the French had sent no reinforcements. On December 6 the Highland army began to retreat. It defeated Wade's force at Falkirk, but a second government army under the Duke of Cumberland completely routed the Highlanders at the battle of Culloden Moor on April 16, 1746.
Culloden marked the end of Charles's hopes. For 5 months he wandered, a fugitive, in western Scotland, before escaping to the Continent with the help of Flora Macdonald aboard a French ship. The king of France continued to extend moral support to the Jacobite cause until 1748, when, in accordance with the Treaty of Aixla-Chapelle, Charles was expelled from France. His movements during the next few years remain uncertain. He lived for some time in Paris with his mistress, Mrs. Wilkenshaw, and several times during the 1750s he visited London in unsuccessful attempts to revive his cause.
Source
For Charles Edward Stuart- http://www.answers.com/topic/charles-edward-stuart(12/28/11 at 10:20 PM)