Valet:a male servant who attends to the personal needs of his employer.
Vigilant:keenly watchful to detect danger
Prolonging:extend the duration of
Remorse:deep and painful regret for wrongdoing
Despair:loss of hope; hopelessness.
Journal de Trévoux: A Jesuit publication which had occaisonally attacked Voltaire.
Atoned: to make amends or reparation, as for an offense or a crime, or for an offender (usually followed by for ): to atone for one's sins.
Grief-Stricken:overwhelmed by grief; deeply afflicted or sorrowful.
Oreillons: A South American People, called "Orejones" (big ears) by the Spanish.
Forlorn:desolate or dreary; unhappy or miserable, as in feeling, condition, or appearance.
Jargon:the language, especially the vocabulary, peculiar to a particular trade, profession, or group
Courtesy:excellence of manners or social conduct; polite behavior.
Aegipans: Goat footed god
Faun: Creatures with the upper body of a human and the lower body of a goat
Satyrs: They are half human and half beast; they usually have a goat's tail, flanks and hooves. While the upper part of the body is that of a human, they also have the horns of a goat
Summary: Candide and Cacambo* are in South America, and had escaped from the Jesuits. They were resting and suddenly heard women's voices.They were being chased by two monkeys. Candide wanted to save the girls, so he kills the monkeys. The girls then began to cry over the dead monkeys. Cacambo tells Candide that the monkeys were probably their lovers, and might get into trouble. They then wake up to find themselves tied up with ropes made of bark. The Oreillons thought they were Jesuits.When Cacambo proves to the Indians that he and Candide are not Jesuits but have actually killed a Jesuit, they are set free.
Historical Background: The Oreillons are anoter name for the Biglugs, meaning "big-ears".
"The description of the Biglugs can be read as a criticism of Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s philosophy. Rousseau, another important French Enlightenment thinker, was a rival of Voltaire’s. Rousseau viewed man as naturally good and insisted that only property and commerce corrupt man’s innate goodness. He was interested in the figure of the natural man, whom he called the “noble savage.” Rousseau held that, in a state of nature without the trappings of civilization, human beings would be ignorant of all vice. Voltaire, conversely, was far more pessimistic about human nature. He describes the Biglugs as men in a state of nature, but they are not noble savages ignorant of vice. Rather, they are filled with the same prejudices and brutality as people from the Old World. Like the Inquisitors in Portugal, they kill people based on their religious affiliation, and like the officers in the city of Azov, they are willing to practice cannibalism."
Jesuit: a member of a Roman Catholic religious order (the Society of Jesus ) founded by Saint Ignatius Loyola in 1534 with the aims of defending the papacy and Catholicism against the Reformation and to undertake missionary work among the heathen
saddlebag: a large bag or pouch, usually one of a pair, hung from a saddle, laid over the back of a horse behind the saddle, or mounted over the rear wheel of a bicycle or motorcycle.
Andalusian: a region in S Spain, bordering on the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
Arouses:to awaken; wake up
Nimbly: quick and light in movement; moving with ease; agile; active; rapid
Antiquity: the peoples, nations, tribes, or cultures of ancient times
Cauldron: a large kettle or boiler.
spit: sharp-pointed rod on which meat is roasted.
forlorn: desolate or dreary; unhappy or miserable, as in feeling, condition, or appearance.
jargon: specialized language concerned with a particular subject, culture, or profession
notable:a prominent, distinguished, or important person.
Summary: Candide and Cacambo escaped from the jusuit. They came to a meadow, where they heard cries from women.The cries came from two naked girls running from two monkeys, who were bitting the girls buttocks. Thinking to save the girls, Candide kills the monkeys.Also, he thinks that saving the two girls will make up for killing the Inquisitor and a Jesuit. But the girls cry and moan over the dead monkeys. Cacambo then tells Candide that the monkeys were the girls' lovers and that they are headed for trouble of some sort because of Candide's act. Sure enough, they awaken to find themselves tied up with rope made of bark. The Oreillons had captured them and there are 50 naked Oreillions ready to cook and eat Candide and Cacambo.Cacambo then realizes that the Indians want to eat them because they think that Candide and Cacambo are Jesuits. Cacambo then tells the Indians that they are not Jesuits but have actually killed a Jesuit. The Oreillns then found out that Cacambo is telling the truth and set both him and Candide free. In finding out that they are not Jesuit they shower them with polite kindness.
Background information/time period information: Biglugs is another name for the Oreillon Indians. The New World, had frequently been idealized by Europeans in the 17th and 18th centuries as simpler, and free of the moral corruption of the modern world.
Hi! I looked up some extra information... Extra Vocabulary: • Andalusian Horse- Pure Spanish Horse or PRE (Pura Raza Española) and it is a war horse. It was also considered as a prize for nobility • Arouse- to evoke a feeling • A double-barreled rifle- a very expensive gun • Buenos Aires- It literary means Good Air and it is a place in Argentina • Notables- somebody very important or distinguished •inquire- to ask something Summary: Candide and his companion, Cacambo come to a meadow where all of a sudden they see two naked women running away from monkeys who are biting their buttocks. After seeing this, Candide out of pity shoots the monkeys and kills them. Candide becomes happy since he thinks he saved the women, atoned his sins, and will have “advantages” now in the new country since he saved the women. Instead of the women being happy though, the two women start crying which confuses Candide. It turns out the monkeys were the women’s lovers. This creates a big problem for Candide and Cacambo because the next day, Candide and Cacambo wake up unable to move. The Oreillons, the people living in the country had tied them up. The Oreillons were armed and some of them were preparing to cook Candide and Cacambo. All of the Oreillons were yelling the same thing, “He’s a Jesuit!” (56). When Candide sees and hears all of this, he loses hope. Cacambo tells him not to lose his hope and that he, Cacambo will talk to the Oreillons. Cacambo tells the Oreillons that he and Candide are not Jesuits. Cacambo also tells the Oreillons that Candide had killed a Jesuit and they (the Oreillons) should go to the “Nearest border post of the Fathers’ Kingdom” and figure out if Candide did in fact kill a Jesuit. The Orellions do what Cacambo said and figure out that it is true, Candide killed a Jesuit. Everyone is happy in the end, especially Candide since he is happy that he killed Cunegonde’s brother because if he didn’t, then the Orellions would have eaten him. Extra Background Information: The philosopher that Jennifer Santamaria said, Jean- Jacques Rousseau is a rival of Voltaire who believes in “Noble Savage”. People like Jean-Jacques Rousseau believe that people that are not from cities or any civilized place are better than those who are. To Voltaire and many other people think the opposite. They think it is absurd. Voltaire makes the Oreillons be cannibals in Candide to satirize the idea of “Nobel Savage”. As Jennifer Garcia wrote, “Biglugs is another name for the Oreillon Indians”. Lugs means many things. For example, it means a clumsy man, a fruit or vegetable box. I hope this helps in anyway!
-Both Jennifers... What do you think Voltaire is satirizing? Jennifer S. You said that "The description of the Biglugs can be read as a criticism of Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s philosophy". Do you agree that Jean-Jacques philosophy is being ridiculed? Jennifer G. You don't really state what you think is being ridiculed. What do you think?
Lok Ting Hon Summary: Candide and Cacambo are in Paraguay trying to escape the fact that Candide murdered the baron's son (Cunegonde's brother). He is not allowed to see Cunegonde for the rest of his life. While Candide was in remorse, they heard cries of women. They discover the women are running away from monkeys. Moved by pity, Candide killed the monkeys believing he had done a good deed in return of killing the Baron's son. Moments later, Candide finds the girls crying over the death of the monkeys, Cacambo explains that the dead monkeys may have been the two girls' lovers. Assuming the girls may get them into trouble, they spend their night in the forst. When they woke up in the morning, they couldn't move because they were tied up by rope made of bark. The native tribe (The Oreillons) thought that Candid and Cacambo were enemies (Jesuits). However Cacambo proved that Candide killed a Jesuit which saved their lives.
Historical Context: The Jesuits is a catholic male community that follows the teachings of the Catholic Church. Members are called Jesuits, also known as God’s Marines and The Company
Background: The first Jesuits arrived in 1588. The church granted Jesuits extensive powers to phase out the encomienda* system, angering settlers dependent on a continuing supply of Indian labor and concubines.
The Jesuits had organized about 100,000 Guaraní in about 20 towns and they dreamed of a Jesuit empire that would stretch from the Paraguay-Paraná to the coast and back to the Paraná headwaters.
Encomienda: A labor system employed by Spanish crown during colonization of America.
Because of their success, the Paraguayan Jesuits gained many enemies, and the reducciones* fell prey to changing times. During the 1720s and 1730s, Paraguayan settlers rebelled against Jesuit privileges and the government that protected them. Although this revolt failed, it was one of the earliest and most serious risings against Spanish authority in the New World and caused the crown to question its continued support for the Jesuits. The Jesuit-inspired War of the Seven Reductions* (1750–1761)
Reduccions: Colonially designed settlement towns to relocate and reorganize the Indian population
War of Seven Year Reductions: (The Guarani War of 1756) Took place between: Gurani* tribes of seven Jesuit Reductions* and joint Spanish- Portuguese forces.
Gurani: Group of culturally related people in South African
Jesuit Reductions: Type of settlement of indigenous people* in Latin Armerica Indigenous people: Ethnic groups that are defined as indigenous*
Indigenous: Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place, native. Result: Treaty of Madrid
Set a line of demarcation* between Spanish and Portuguese colonial territory
Demarcation: Action of fixing the boundary or limits of something, dividing lines
Vocabulary: Savages: A member of a people regarded as primitive and uncivilized
Oreillons: translation of English means “mumps” an unfortunate disease
Mumps: an infectious disease characterized by inflammatory swelling of the parotid and usually other salivary glands, and sometimes byinflammation of the testes or ovaries, caused by a paramyxovirus.
Jesuits: Roman Catholic Church, A member of the Society of Jesus
Cacambo: Contrast of Pangloss
Andalusian: Native or Inhabitant of Andalusia (Southern most region of Spain)
Aegipans: Half goat, half fish
Background: Aegipan Goat-Pan, according to some statements is being distinct from Pan, while others regard him as identical with Pan. His story appears to be altogether of late origin. According to Hyginus, he was the son of Zeus and Aega and was transferred to the stars. Others again make Aegipan the father of Pan, and state that he as well as his son was represented as half goat and half fish. When Zeus in his contest with the Titans was deprived of the sinews of his hands and feet, Hermes and Aegipan secretly restored them to him and fitted them in their proper places. According to a Roman tradition mentioned by Plutarch, Aegipan had sprung from the incestuous intercourse of Valeria of Tusculum and her father Valerius, and was considered only a different name for Silvanus. Fauns: Rural god. Body of a man that has horns, ears and tails of a goat (sometimes legs) Satyrs: Woodland creature with pointed ears, legs and short horns of a goat. Fondness of revelry
Revelry: Lively and noisy festivities especially when there is involvement of drinking large amounts of alcohol.
Festivities: A joyous feast, holiday or celebration
Antiquity: Ancient times
Moss: A patch or covering of plants
Forlorn: Appearing sad or lonely because of being deserted or abandoned
Jargon: Meaningless talk, unusual language
Delegates: A person authorized to act as a representative for another
Candide: A naive, gullible youth who is blind to the evils of the world. His name, derived from the Latin candidus, means pure, sincere, and white.
The Oreillons: The native tribe that captures Candide and Cacambo in Paraguay. (Fictional Inhabitants)
Voltaire is mocking Rousseau's assertion that man in the state of nature was a much more humane and civilized individual than modern man.
-Lok Ting I agree with you. I think that Voltaire is mostly making fun of the idea of Jean-Jacques. It reminds me of how Voltaire is satirizing Pangloss's philosphy of optimism because he thinks it is absurd. All of the things that Voltaire is making fun of, he thinks it is absurd, right? Well... I don't think Voltaire is making fun of the idea of Love exactly, but the people who are in love. I mean, people who are in love love their lovers no matter what. Like the naked women. Those women were crying for their dead monkey lovers that were biting their BUTTOCKS! Maybe Voltaire is satirizing that: the idea that people love their lovers no matter what.
Extra Vocabulary: Meadow:a tract of grassland used for pasture or serving as a hayfield.
Hazelnut:the nut of the hazel; filbert.
Paralyzed:to bring to a condition of helpless stoppage, inactivity, or inability to act
Alas: used as an exclamation to express sorrow, grief, pity, concern, or apprehension of evil.
Stone axes:a primitive axe made of chipped stone; a blunt axe used for cutting stone
Cruel fate: Someone who is cruel deliberately causes pain or distress to people or animals.
Natural law: A law or body of laws that derives from nature and is believed to be binding upon human actions apart from or in conjunction with laws established by human authority.
Acquainted: Known by or familiar with another
International law: A set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and nations. Also called law of nations.
Summary: Candide and Cacambo came to meadow after Candide killed the Baron's son (Cunegonde's brother). Candide was depressed, and he failed to see the reason to live anymore because he won't able to see Cunegonde. He also wondered what Journal de Trevoux would say. Later, they saw two naked girls that were chased by two monkeys who bit the girls' buttocks. Candide shot and killed the two monkeys. Candide believed that the death of the monkeys would make up for the three previous murders that he committed because he saved the two girls' life. However, the girls cried over the dead monkeys. Cacambo assumed that the monkeys were the girls' lovers, and they caused troubles for themselves. They spend their night in the forest. Candide and Cacambo was tied by the Oreillons when they woke up in the morning. The Oreillons celebrated because they thought Candide and Cacambo are Jesuit. The Oreillons are about to eat them, and Cacambo tried to persuade them by saying that Candide killed a Jesuit, so they are friends instead of enemies. The Oreillons confirmed the truth of Cacambo's story, and released them. Candide turned out to be glad that he killed the Baron's son or he would be eaten by the Oreillons.
Lok Ting Hon To Angela I agree, but I think the concept is love in general(satirizing is to make fun of a concept in general, it's not specific) because candidewas proud to kill Cunegond's brother which is ironic. Also Cacambo relates the topic of love back Greek Mythology of Pan(half goat and half human). I understand what you are trying to say, but loving their lover is not a concept that can be satirized.
I think it's satirizing optimism instead of love when Candide killed the Baron' son. At first, Candide was heart broken, and he can't find the reason to live anymore. However, when Candide was about to be eaten by the Oreillons, he was glad that he murdered the Baron's son. Candide was happy that he didn't get eaten, and he didn't feel guilty anymore.
Background: Journal of Trevoux: founded in 1701, was a Jesuit periodical hostile to Voltaire, the philosophes, and the Enlightenment.
Cacambo: Candide’s loyal servant, is quick thinking, restless, and thirsty for adventure. Unlike many of the other main characters, Cacambo has no interest in philosophy. It is precisely because he is not concerned with metaphysics, as the other characters are, that he is able to focus and engage fully and thoughtfully with others. While he is determined and self-reliant, he also conveys a sense of being carefree. Cacambo is the most believable and balanced of any character in Candide, and his rationality and wit, together with the Old Woman’s resilience, suggest that genuine humanity does exist.
Buenos Aires: is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the third-largest metropolitan area in South America, after São Paulo and Rio de Janiero. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the RÃo de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent. Greater Buenos Aires conurbation, which also includes several Buenos Aires Province districts, constitutes the fourth-largest conurbation in Latin America, with a population of around thirteen million.
Valet- gentleman person servant Journal de Trevoux- A Jesuit publication which had occasionally attacked Voltaire Atoned- give satisfaction Fauns -mythological woodland being with tail and horns Satyrs-woodland deity, part man, part goat Aegipans- was one of the goat-footed gods known as Panes oreillons- Biglugs is another name for the Oreillon Indians.
Satire elements Irony- “He saw the girls lovingly embrace the monkeys, burst into tears over their bodies and fill the air with grief-stricken cries"(59) Exaggeration- “I’ve delivered those two poor creatures from a great danger.” (59) Understatement- ".. If I sinned in killing an Inquisitor and a Jesuit, I've atoned for it by saving the lives of two girls."(59) Warped Logic- “you expect to eat a Jesuit toady, that's perfectly all right: nothing could be more just than to treat your enemies that way."(61)
Time Period Elements: The Americas recently had been fascinated by the Europeans countries in the 1600s and 1700s to make life simple and free to avoid the corruption part of the new world.
Overall message Voltaire mocks optimism, philosophy and Candide ignorance.
Summary: Cacambo and Candide rested while they ate. The two heard cries from two naked girls who appeared to be running away from monkeys. So Candide put his army skills to use to kill the monkeys who are endangering the girls’ lives. Using a Spanish rifle to kill the monkeys. Then to Candide surprise the two females lovingly embrace who are actually their lovers. Then Camabo and Candide went into the forest as soon as they have awoken they both were tied up by the Oreillons. Then the Oreillons claimed Candide is a Jesuit. So both men were going to be boiled or roasted then eaten by the Oreillons. Then comes Camabo to the rescue and tells them that Candide is not a Jesuit, so to prove it to the Oreillons he says "... the father's kingdom, and find out whether or not my master has killed a Jesuit officer."(61). But under the circumstances "you can eat us if you find out I've lied to you. But if I've told the truth... justice not to spare our lives."(61). Fortunately Cacambo told the truth, Camabo along with Candide was let go.
Angela Mendez to Lok Ting I see what you are saying but satirizing is mocking people's actions and thoughts through writing. People in general are always thinking and saying that you should love your love one no matter what. I think Voltaire is ridiculing that idea (people love their lovers no matter what) in the beginning of the chapter.
Angela Mendez To Ying Ying Zhen Voltaire can satirize various things. Not only one thing. Voltaire can satirize love, optimism, and "noble savage" which basically means that uncivilized people are better than civilized people.
I agree with angela, Voitaire is satirizing various of things. Something he is satirizing are the Oreillons. For one thing, they want to eat a humanbeing. That's nasty. Also, he is satirizing the noble savage like angela said. The noble savage mean that uncivilized people( the oreillons) are better than civilized people. In chapter 16 two Orreillons women are having sez with monkeys.
FUN FACT: the oreillons had bid ears because they wear heavy earrings.
Lok Ting Hon I agree with Ying Ying that it makes fun of optimism, but I'm just saying that instead of satirizing the way people thinks of how to treat their lovers no matter what race, I still think it's love in general. I understand that Voltaire is satirizing many things in this chapter, but love is a concept. -Candide killed a relative of a person he wants to marry -Girls loving the monkey I believe that Candide killing Cunegonde's brother is also making fun of optimism, so I think it works as both
Angela Mendez to Lok Ting I agree with you. I understand what you're saying now. To be specific though, I think Voltaire is ridiculing lovers. I mean, there are many types of love. For example, parents loving their kids, siblings loving each other, friends loving in each other, and so on. I also agree with the fact that Voltaire is making fun of optimism.
Lok Ting Hon Angela, I was saying it's love in general because I recall in class that Ms.Karvunis said that it has to be a concept. Like instead of catholic, it's religion. Well I believe that's what she told the class.
Jennifer Santamaría
ReplyDeleteVocab/Definitions:
Valet:a male servant who attends to the personal needs of his employer.
Vigilant:keenly watchful to detect danger
Prolonging:extend the duration of
Remorse:deep and painful regret for wrongdoing
Despair:loss of hope; hopelessness.
Journal de Trévoux: A Jesuit publication which had occaisonally attacked Voltaire.
Atoned: to make amends or reparation, as for an offense or a crime, or for an offender (usually followed by for ): to atone for one's sins.
Grief-Stricken:overwhelmed by grief; deeply afflicted or sorrowful.
Oreillons: A South American People, called "Orejones" (big ears) by the Spanish.
Forlorn:desolate or dreary; unhappy or miserable, as in feeling, condition, or appearance.
Jargon:the language, especially the vocabulary, peculiar to a particular trade, profession, or group
Courtesy:excellence of manners or social conduct; polite behavior.
Aegipans: Goat footed god
Faun: Creatures with the upper body of a human and the lower body of a goat
Satyrs: They are half human and half beast; they usually have a goat's tail, flanks and hooves. While the upper part of the body is that of a human, they also have the horns of a goat
Summary:
Candide and Cacambo* are in South America, and had escaped from the Jesuits. They were resting and suddenly heard women's voices.They were being chased by two monkeys. Candide wanted to save the girls, so he kills the monkeys. The girls then began to cry over the dead monkeys. Cacambo tells Candide that the monkeys were probably their lovers, and might get into trouble. They then wake up to find themselves tied up with ropes made of bark. The Oreillons thought they were Jesuits.When Cacambo proves to the Indians that he and Candide are not Jesuits but have actually killed a Jesuit, they are set free.
Historical Background:
The Oreillons are anoter name for the Biglugs, meaning "big-ears".
"The description of the Biglugs can be read as a criticism of Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s philosophy. Rousseau, another important French Enlightenment thinker, was a rival of Voltaire’s. Rousseau viewed man as naturally good and insisted that only property and commerce corrupt man’s innate goodness. He was interested in the figure of the natural man, whom he called the “noble savage.” Rousseau held that, in a state of nature without the trappings of civilization, human beings would be ignorant of all vice. Voltaire, conversely, was far more pessimistic about human nature. He describes the Biglugs as men in a state of nature, but they are not noble savages ignorant of vice. Rather, they are filled with the same prejudices and brutality as people from the Old World. Like the Inquisitors in Portugal, they kill people based on their religious affiliation, and like the officers in the city of Azov, they are willing to practice cannibalism."
Jennifer Garcia
ReplyDeleteVocabulary:
Jesuit: a member of a Roman Catholic religious order (the Society of Jesus ) founded by Saint Ignatius Loyola in 1534 with the aims of defending the papacy and Catholicism against the Reformation and to undertake missionary work among the heathen
saddlebag: a large bag or pouch, usually one of a pair, hung from a saddle, laid over the back of a horse behind the saddle, or mounted over the rear wheel of a bicycle or motorcycle.
Andalusian: a region in S Spain, bordering on the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
Arouses:to awaken; wake up
Nimbly: quick and light in movement; moving with ease; agile; active; rapid
Antiquity: the peoples, nations, tribes, or cultures of ancient times
Cauldron: a large kettle or boiler.
spit: sharp-pointed rod on which meat is roasted.
forlorn: desolate or dreary; unhappy or miserable, as in feeling, condition, or appearance.
jargon: specialized language concerned with a particular subject, culture, or profession
notable:a prominent, distinguished, or important person.
Summary:
Candide and Cacambo escaped from the jusuit. They came to a meadow, where they heard cries from women.The cries came from two naked girls running from two monkeys, who were bitting the girls buttocks. Thinking to save the girls, Candide kills the monkeys.Also, he thinks that saving the two girls will make up for killing the Inquisitor and a Jesuit. But the girls cry and moan over the dead monkeys. Cacambo then tells Candide that the monkeys were the girls' lovers and that they are headed for trouble of some sort because of Candide's act. Sure enough, they awaken to find themselves tied up with rope made of bark. The Oreillons had captured them and there are 50 naked Oreillions ready to cook and eat Candide and Cacambo.Cacambo then realizes that the Indians want to eat them because they think that Candide and Cacambo are Jesuits. Cacambo then tells the Indians that they are not Jesuits but have actually killed a Jesuit. The Oreillns then found out that Cacambo is telling the truth and set both him and Candide free. In finding out that they are not Jesuit they shower them with polite kindness.
Background information/time period information:
Biglugs is another name for the Oreillon Indians. The New World, had frequently been idealized by Europeans in the 17th and 18th centuries as simpler, and free of the moral corruption of the modern world.
Hi! I looked up some extra information...
ReplyDeleteExtra Vocabulary:
• Andalusian Horse- Pure Spanish Horse or PRE (Pura Raza Española) and it is a war horse. It was also considered as a prize for nobility
• Arouse- to evoke a feeling
• A double-barreled rifle- a very expensive gun
• Buenos Aires- It literary means Good Air and it is a place in Argentina
• Notables- somebody very important or distinguished
•inquire- to ask something
Summary:
Candide and his companion, Cacambo come to a meadow where all of a sudden they see two naked women running away from monkeys who are biting their buttocks. After seeing this, Candide out of pity shoots the monkeys and kills them. Candide becomes happy since he thinks he saved the women, atoned his sins, and will have “advantages” now in the new country since he saved the women. Instead of the women being happy though, the two women start crying which confuses Candide. It turns out the monkeys were the women’s lovers. This creates a big problem for Candide and Cacambo because the next day, Candide and Cacambo wake up unable to move. The Oreillons, the people living in the country had tied them up. The Oreillons were armed and some of them were preparing to cook Candide and Cacambo. All of the Oreillons were yelling the same thing, “He’s a Jesuit!” (56). When Candide sees and hears all of this, he loses hope. Cacambo tells him not to lose his hope and that he, Cacambo will talk to the Oreillons. Cacambo tells the Oreillons that he and Candide are not Jesuits. Cacambo also tells the Oreillons that Candide had killed a Jesuit and they (the Oreillons) should go to the “Nearest border post of the Fathers’ Kingdom” and figure out if Candide did in fact kill a Jesuit. The Orellions do what Cacambo said and figure out that it is true, Candide killed a Jesuit. Everyone is happy in the end, especially Candide since he is happy that he killed Cunegonde’s brother because if he didn’t, then the Orellions would have eaten him.
Extra Background Information:
The philosopher that Jennifer Santamaria said, Jean- Jacques Rousseau is a rival of Voltaire who believes in “Noble Savage”. People like Jean-Jacques Rousseau believe that people that are not from cities or any civilized place are better than those who are. To Voltaire and many other people think the opposite. They think it is absurd. Voltaire makes the Oreillons be cannibals in Candide to satirize the idea of “Nobel Savage”. As Jennifer Garcia wrote, “Biglugs is another name for the Oreillon Indians”. Lugs means many things. For example, it means a clumsy man, a fruit or vegetable box.
I hope this helps in anyway!
-Both Jennifers...
ReplyDeleteWhat do you think Voltaire is satirizing?
Jennifer S.
You said that "The description of the Biglugs can be read as a criticism of Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s philosophy". Do you agree that Jean-Jacques philosophy is being ridiculed?
Jennifer G.
You don't really state what you think is being ridiculed. What do you think?
Lok Ting Hon
ReplyDeleteSummary:
Candide and Cacambo are in Paraguay trying to escape the fact that Candide murdered the baron's son (Cunegonde's brother). He is not allowed to see Cunegonde for the rest of his life. While Candide was in remorse, they heard cries of women. They discover the women are running away from monkeys. Moved by pity, Candide killed the monkeys believing he had done a good deed in return of killing the Baron's son. Moments later, Candide finds the girls crying over the death of the monkeys, Cacambo explains that the dead monkeys may have been the two girls' lovers. Assuming the girls may get them into trouble, they spend their night in the forst. When they woke up in the morning, they couldn't move because they were tied up by rope made of bark. The native tribe (The Oreillons) thought that Candid and Cacambo were enemies (Jesuits). However Cacambo proved that Candide killed a Jesuit which saved their lives.
Historical Context:
ReplyDeleteThe Jesuits is a catholic male community that follows the teachings of the Catholic Church. Members are called Jesuits, also known as God’s Marines and The Company
Background:
The first Jesuits arrived in 1588.
The church granted Jesuits extensive powers to phase out the encomienda* system, angering settlers dependent on a continuing supply of Indian labor and concubines.
The Jesuits had organized about 100,000 Guaraní in about 20 towns and they dreamed of a Jesuit empire that would stretch from the Paraguay-Paraná to the coast and back to the Paraná headwaters.
Encomienda: A labor system employed by Spanish crown during colonization of America.
Because of their success, the Paraguayan Jesuits gained many enemies, and the reducciones* fell prey to changing times. During the 1720s and 1730s, Paraguayan settlers rebelled against Jesuit privileges and the government that protected them. Although this revolt failed, it was one of the earliest and most serious risings against Spanish authority in the New World and caused the crown to question its continued support for the Jesuits. The Jesuit-inspired War of the Seven Reductions* (1750–1761)
Reduccions: Colonially designed settlement towns to relocate and reorganize the Indian population
War of Seven Year Reductions: (The Guarani War of 1756)
Took place between: Gurani* tribes of seven Jesuit Reductions* and joint Spanish- Portuguese forces.
Gurani: Group of culturally related people in South African
Jesuit Reductions: Type of settlement of indigenous people* in Latin Armerica
Indigenous people: Ethnic groups that are defined as indigenous*
Indigenous: Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place, native.
Result: Treaty of Madrid
Set a line of demarcation* between Spanish and Portuguese colonial territory
Demarcation: Action of fixing the boundary or limits of something, dividing lines
Vocabulary:
ReplyDeleteSavages: A member of a people regarded as primitive and uncivilized
Oreillons: translation of English means “mumps” an unfortunate disease
Mumps: an infectious disease characterized by inflammatory swelling of the parotid and usually other salivary glands, and sometimes byinflammation of the testes or ovaries, caused by a paramyxovirus.
Jesuits: Roman Catholic Church, A member of the Society of Jesus
Cacambo: Contrast of Pangloss
Andalusian: Native or Inhabitant of Andalusia (Southern most region of Spain)
Aegipans: Half goat, half fish
Background: Aegipan
Goat-Pan, according to some statements is being distinct from Pan, while others regard him as identical with Pan. His story appears to be altogether of late origin. According to Hyginus, he was the son of Zeus and Aega and was transferred to the stars. Others again make Aegipan the father of Pan, and state that he as well as his son was represented as half goat and half fish. When Zeus in his contest with the Titans was deprived of the sinews of his hands and feet, Hermes and Aegipan secretly restored them to him and fitted them in their proper places. According to a Roman tradition mentioned by Plutarch, Aegipan had sprung from the incestuous intercourse of Valeria of Tusculum and her father Valerius, and was considered only a different name for Silvanus.
Fauns: Rural god. Body of a man that has horns, ears and tails of a goat (sometimes legs)
Satyrs: Woodland creature with pointed ears, legs and short horns of a goat. Fondness of revelry
Revelry: Lively and noisy festivities especially when there is involvement of drinking large amounts of alcohol.
Festivities: A joyous feast, holiday or celebration
Antiquity: Ancient times
Moss: A patch or covering of plants
Forlorn: Appearing sad or lonely because of being deserted or abandoned
Jargon: Meaningless talk, unusual language
Delegates: A person authorized to act as a representative for another
Candide: A naive, gullible youth who is blind to the evils of the world. His name, derived from the Latin candidus, means pure, sincere, and white.
The Oreillons: The native tribe that captures Candide and Cacambo in Paraguay. (Fictional Inhabitants)
Voltaire is mocking Rousseau's assertion that man in the state of nature was a much more humane and civilized individual than modern man.
Lok Ting
ReplyDeleteTo Angela
Satires:
Enlightment thinkers (Voltaire included), Philosophy, Love, Intelligence, Nature of humans
Enlightment Thinkers- He talks about the journal, where Jesuits attack Voltaire
Philosophy- It's relation of Roman Myths
Love- The monkeys and how Candide said it was a good thing he killed Cunegonde's (his lover) brother
Intelligence- (Their way of escaping) Cacambo was written as intelligent by stating the fact he wasn't a Jesuit
Nature of Human- The way the Oreillons treat humans (eat each other) and relates to Jean-Jacques Rousseu (Humans are born good)
-Lok Ting
ReplyDeleteI agree with you.
I think that Voltaire is mostly making fun of the idea of Jean-Jacques. It reminds me of how Voltaire is satirizing Pangloss's philosphy of optimism because he thinks it is absurd. All of the things that Voltaire is making fun of, he thinks it is absurd, right? Well... I don't think Voltaire is making fun of the idea of Love exactly, but the people who are in love. I mean, people who are in love love their lovers no matter what. Like the naked women. Those women were crying for their dead monkey lovers that were biting their BUTTOCKS! Maybe Voltaire is satirizing that: the idea that people love their lovers no matter what.
Ying Ying Zhen
ReplyDeleteExtra Vocabulary:
Meadow:a tract of grassland used for pasture or serving as a hayfield.
Hazelnut:the nut of the hazel; filbert.
Paralyzed:to bring to a condition of helpless stoppage, inactivity, or inability to act
Alas: used as an exclamation to express sorrow, grief, pity, concern, or apprehension of evil.
Stone axes:a primitive axe made of chipped stone; a blunt axe used for cutting stone
Cruel fate: Someone who is cruel deliberately causes pain or distress to people or animals.
Natural law: A law or body of laws that derives from nature and is believed to be binding upon human actions apart from or in conjunction with laws established by human authority.
Acquainted: Known by or familiar with another
International law: A set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and nations. Also called law of nations.
Summary:
Candide and Cacambo came to meadow after Candide killed the Baron's son (Cunegonde's brother). Candide was depressed, and he failed to see the reason to live anymore because he won't able to see Cunegonde. He also wondered what Journal de Trevoux would say. Later, they saw two naked girls that were chased by two monkeys who bit the girls' buttocks. Candide shot and killed the two monkeys. Candide believed that the death of the monkeys would make up for the three previous murders that he committed because he saved the two girls' life. However, the girls cried over the dead monkeys. Cacambo assumed that the monkeys were the girls' lovers, and they caused troubles for themselves. They spend their night in the forest. Candide and Cacambo was tied by the Oreillons when they woke up in the morning. The Oreillons celebrated because they thought Candide and Cacambo are Jesuit. The Oreillons are about to eat them, and Cacambo tried to persuade them by saying that Candide killed a Jesuit, so they are friends instead of enemies. The Oreillons confirmed the truth of Cacambo's story, and released them. Candide turned out to be glad that he killed the Baron's son or he would be eaten by the Oreillons.
Lok Ting Hon
ReplyDeleteTo Angela
I agree, but I think the concept is love in general(satirizing is to make fun of a concept in general, it's not specific) because candidewas proud to kill Cunegond's brother which is ironic. Also Cacambo relates the topic of love back Greek Mythology of Pan(half goat and half human). I understand what you are trying to say, but loving their lover is not a concept that can be satirized.
Ying Ying Zhen
ReplyDeleteTo:Lok Ting
I think it's satirizing optimism instead of love when Candide killed the Baron' son. At first, Candide was heart broken, and he can't find the reason to live anymore. However, when Candide was about to be eaten by the Oreillons, he was glad that he murdered the Baron's son. Candide was happy that he didn't get eaten, and he didn't feel guilty anymore.
Ying Ying Zhen
ReplyDeleteBackground:
Journal of Trevoux: founded in 1701, was a Jesuit periodical hostile to Voltaire, the philosophes, and the Enlightenment.
Cacambo: Candide’s loyal servant, is quick thinking, restless, and thirsty for adventure. Unlike many of the other main characters, Cacambo has no interest in philosophy. It is precisely because he is not concerned with metaphysics, as the other characters are, that he is able to focus and engage fully and thoughtfully with others. While he is determined and self-reliant, he also conveys a sense of being carefree. Cacambo is the most believable and balanced of any character in Candide, and his rationality and wit, together with the Old Woman’s resilience, suggest that genuine humanity does exist.
Buenos Aires: is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the third-largest metropolitan area in South America, after São Paulo and Rio de Janiero. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the RÃo de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent. Greater Buenos Aires conurbation, which also includes several Buenos Aires Province districts, constitutes the fourth-largest conurbation in Latin America, with a population of around thirteen million.
Jose Bendana
ReplyDeleteChapter 16
Vocabulary
Valet- gentleman person servant
Journal de Trevoux- A Jesuit publication which had occasionally attacked Voltaire
Atoned- give satisfaction
Fauns -mythological woodland being with tail and horns
Satyrs-woodland deity, part man, part goat
Aegipans- was one of the goat-footed gods known as Panes
oreillons- Biglugs is another name for the Oreillon Indians.
Satire elements
Irony-
“He saw the girls lovingly embrace the monkeys, burst into tears over their bodies and fill the air with grief-stricken cries"(59)
Exaggeration-
“I’ve delivered those two poor creatures from a great danger.” (59)
Understatement-
".. If I sinned in killing an Inquisitor and a Jesuit, I've atoned for it by saving the lives of two girls."(59)
Warped Logic-
“you expect to eat a Jesuit toady, that's perfectly all right: nothing could be more just than to treat your enemies that way."(61)
Time Period Elements:
The Americas recently had been fascinated by the Europeans countries in the 1600s and 1700s to make life simple and free to avoid the corruption part of the new world.
Overall message
Voltaire mocks optimism, philosophy and Candide ignorance.
Summary:
Cacambo and Candide rested while they ate. The two heard cries from two naked girls who appeared to be running away from monkeys. So Candide put his army skills to use to kill the monkeys who are endangering the girls’ lives. Using a Spanish rifle to kill the monkeys. Then to Candide surprise the two females lovingly embrace who are actually their lovers. Then Camabo and Candide went into the forest as soon as they have awoken they both were tied up by the Oreillons. Then the Oreillons claimed Candide is a Jesuit. So both men were going to be boiled or roasted then eaten by the Oreillons. Then comes Camabo to the rescue and tells them that Candide is not a Jesuit, so to prove it to the Oreillons he says "... the father's kingdom, and find out whether or not my master has killed a Jesuit officer."(61). But under the circumstances "you can eat us if you find out I've lied to you. But if I've told the truth... justice not to spare our lives."(61). Fortunately Cacambo told the truth, Camabo along with Candide was let go.
Angela Mendez
ReplyDeleteto Lok Ting
I see what you are saying but satirizing is mocking people's actions and thoughts through writing. People in general are always thinking and saying that you should love your love one no matter what. I think Voltaire is ridiculing that idea (people love their lovers no matter what) in the beginning of the chapter.
Angela Mendez
ReplyDeleteTo Ying Ying Zhen
Voltaire can satirize various things. Not only one thing. Voltaire can satirize love, optimism, and "noble savage" which basically means that uncivilized people are better than civilized people.
I agree with angela, Voitaire is satirizing various of things. Something he is satirizing are the Oreillons. For one thing, they want to eat a humanbeing. That's nasty. Also, he is satirizing the noble savage like angela said. The noble savage mean that uncivilized people( the oreillons) are better than civilized people. In chapter 16 two Orreillons women are having sez with monkeys.
ReplyDeleteFUN FACT: the oreillons had bid ears because they wear heavy earrings.
Lok Ting Hon
ReplyDeleteI agree with Ying Ying that it makes fun of optimism, but I'm just saying that instead of satirizing the way people thinks of how to treat their lovers no matter what race, I still think it's love in general. I understand that Voltaire is satirizing many things in this chapter, but love is a concept.
-Candide killed a relative of a person he wants to marry
-Girls loving the monkey
I believe that Candide killing Cunegonde's brother is also making fun of optimism, so I think it works as both
Angela Mendez
ReplyDeleteto Lok Ting
I agree with you. I understand what you're saying now. To be specific though, I think Voltaire is ridiculing lovers. I mean, there are many types of love. For example, parents loving their kids, siblings loving each other, friends loving in each other, and so on. I also agree with the fact that Voltaire is making fun of optimism.
Lok Ting Hon
ReplyDeleteAngela, I was saying it's love in general because I recall in class that Ms.Karvunis said that it has to be a concept.
Like instead of catholic, it's religion.
Well I believe that's what she told the class.
Angela Mendez
ReplyDeleteto Lok Ting
I see what you're saying. I understand. I was just stating things to see what you would say. You're right :)
Super nice comments, Ladies! I like your interactions a lot. Watch spelling though.
ReplyDeleteSuper nice comments, Ladies! I like your interactions a lot. Watch spelling though.
ReplyDelete