Vocabulary: Cadiz- A seaport in SW Spain, on a bay of the Atlantic. Tucuman Province of Argentina- One of the country's largest cities lies in one of its smallest provinces. Province- The parts of a country outside of the capital or the largest cities. Saddled- A seat for a rider on the back of a horse or other animal. Jesuits- a member of a Roman Catholic religious order (Society of Jesus)founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 1534. Spurs- U -shaped device that slips over and straps to the heel of a boot and has a blunt, pointed, or roweled projection at the back for use by a mounted rider to urge a horse forward. Reverence- A feeling or attitude of deep respect tinged with awe; veneration. Arbor-a leafy, shady recess formed by tree branches, shrubs, etc. Colonnade- a series of trees planted in a long row, as on each side of a driveway or road. Complexion- the natural color, texture, and appearance of the skin, especially of the face. Reverend- pertaining to or characteristic of the clergy.
Satire Elements: Exaggeration- " Each word they spoke during their long conversation brought some new wonder to light. Their whole soul flew from their tongues..."(51). Understatement- "Must i leave you just when the governor is about to celebrate our wedding? I've brought you so far from home, Cunegonde: what will become of you know?".......... :She'll become whatever she can," said Cacambo." (48). Warped Logic-"What! Is it really you, Reverend Father? You, the brother of my fair Cunegonde!" (51) Irony- " You were killed by the Bulgars! You, the son of My Lord the Baron! You, a Jesuit in Paraguay! this world is a strange place, there's no denying it ! Oh, Pangloss, Pangloss! How happy you'd be if you hadn't been hanged!" (51). Ridiculous Name- "Reverend Father"
valet- (n) a male personal servant of a man, whose duties include taking care of his employer's clothes and providing his meals. sexton- (n) the caretaker of a church and its graveyard whose duties often include ringing the bell and digging graves. commercial- (adj.) relating to the buying and selling of goods or services. commandant- (n) officer in charge; command of a military organization pike- (n) large sharp-toothed freshwater fish trelliswork- (n) open framework; usually for supporting plants Negro- (n) usually represent to show a black person Buenos Aires- The capital and largest city of Argentina, in the eastern part of the country on the Río de la Plata. Founded by the Spanish in 1536, it became the national capital in 1862. The highly industrialized city is also a major port.
Jesuit: -Played a very important role in the counter reformation. -Founded by Ignatius Loyola -Fought in the army of Charles V. -Was hit by a cannonball and badly damaged his left leg. -While recovering, he thought his life seemed purposeless. -Started reading about Christ and saints. -Spent his time confessing and helping the sick. Loyola’s "Constitutions" 1) The Jesuits were to be at the disposal of the pope.
2) They were to go wherever he ordered them to go to save souls.
3) They were never to accept a bishopric etc. unless the pope ordered it.
4) They were to wear no special habit.
5) There were to be no special mortification’s, e.g. no fasting without a medical report.
6) They were excused from communal prayer and masses.
7) All members were to take the three traditional monastic vows. An elite would take a fourth vow of direct obedience to the pope if he sent them on a foreign mission.
8) Faith was to be spread by preaching, spiritual exercises, charity and education in Christianity.
katheryn jean-baptiste Jesuits were educators, scholars, and missionaries throughout the world. They were also preachers and catechists who devoted themselves to the young, the sick, prisoners, prostitutes, and soldiers. They were often called upon to be confessors to the ruling families of Europe. By the time of Ignatius's death in 1556, there were about a thousand Jesuits. One century later, there were over fifteen thousand; near the end of the following century, almost twenty-three thousand.
As time passed, because of the high visibility of the Jesuits among religious orders, their strong defense of the papacy, their work in the missions on behalf of the indigenous peoples, their apparent power at royal courts and in the Church as well as because of their own pride and occasional failings in judgment, they aroused the hostility of many lay and clerical adversaries.
adalucian coming from the word "Andalucia" ...is the largest of Spain's 17 autonomous regions and it's the one which evokes the most powerful images of a country famed for its flamenco, fiestas, bullfighting and raw passion.
It's a land which has both spawned and inspired great writers, poets, actors and painters. Andalucia gave birth to Pablo Picasso and the 17th century royal painter Velasquez and it held an enduring fascination for novelists Ernest Hemingway and Laurie Lee. It's the setting for the most performed and famous opera of all time, Bizet's Carmen. And it's a unique place where east meets west in an exotic melting pot of Jewish, gypsy, Moorish and Christian cultures.
katheryn jean-baptiste the history of paraguay When Italian explorer Sebastian Cabot first sailed up what is now called the Parana River in 1526, the surrounding lands here were home to many fierce indigenous Indian tribes.
Spain's famed navigator, Juan de Salazar, subsequently founded the now capital city of Asuncion in 1537. In short order the Spanish began to colonize the interior, the Jesuits converted the Indians to Catholicism, and all seemed right on track.
On the surface Paraguay appeared to be a potentially valuable Spanish dominion, but then, with no gold found, no silver to be mined, and no local Indians forced into slave labor, this isolated colony remained peaceful, and for the most part, out of the spotlight of the Spanish Crown.
After 250 years of Spanish rule, and the overthrow of the Spanish King by Napoleon, Paraguay finally became independent in 1811, and in fact, was one of the first countries on the continent to do so.
Independence in Paraguay fathered dictatorships, revolutions, coups and brutal military rule, as well as a number of costly wars. In the disastrous War of the Triple Alliance (1865-70), Paraguay lost two-thirds of all adult males and much of its territory.
And you guessed it, Paraguay's economy crashed, political infighting continued, and a long series of dictatorships prevailed on into the late 20th century, including the 35-year military dictatorship of Alfredo Stroessner, which was overthrown in 1989.
Despite a marked increase in political unrest in the last few years, as well as a public assassination and three failed coups, Paraguay has held relatively free presidential elections since 2000.
And with Paraguay's access to the Atlantic Ocean through the Parana River; numerous natural resources, and an improving tourism infrastructure - it remains a land of opportunity and great promise
Voltaire is satirizing religion and social classes. Its said that "The Reverend Father Provincial did not allow any Spaniard to open his mouth in his presence or remain in the country for more than three hours."(49) -This shows that Voltaire is satirizing religion because the word "Reverend" can also mean "Worthy of respect" which shows that Pangloss was seen as a person that had to be respected and had all the power. Therefore saying that when ever Pangloss would speak, no one could interfere or talk and pay attention. Also, the term "Reverend" can also have some characteristics of the clergy, therefore Pangloss was part of church and was in the upper class.
Voltaire is satirizing social classes too. because "After Candide had kissed the hem of the commandant's robe, they sat down to table." (50) This shows that as Pangloss being the "Reverend Father" people respected him that they praised him and kissed him.
Voltaire is also satirizing social classes when "The commandant dismissed the Negro slaves and Paraguayans who were serving wine to them..."(51) This shows that Voltaire is satirizing social classes because they use black people as slaves to work for them and serve them and when they were done with their job (Serving wine) they were dismissed.
'pangloss! how happy you'd be if you hadnt been hanged!" this is warped logic. at 1st candide said he was blind folded so he did not see pangloss being hanged but was reassured by his girlfriend saying oh yes i was in the crowd watching it...but now he is alive im having a feeling that he is imortal on the down-low
i agree with Katheryn and it can also be irony because Pangloss was hanged so it was expected for him to be dead, but now, in chapter 14, it stated that hes alive again !
I disagree with Katheryn and Mariela because I think you misunderstood the text in the chapter. Candide say "pangloss! how happy you'd be if you hadnt been hanged," actually was saying toward Cunegonde brother who was alive still. The quote means he wished Pangloss was still alive to see Cunegonde's brother alive and see him as a Reverend Father. I don't think it is saying or showing Pangloss is still alive. I think it was just a misunderstanding of the text. For my advice, read carefully. However, I don't think it is wrong to assume Pangloss is still alive because Voltaire is using a lot of satire to make it confusing for us.
~Jacky Lee Period 3 Valarie is satirizing power and religion
1"The Fathers have everything, the people nothing; it's a masterpiece of reason and justice." (53) -This quote shows understatement and warped logic. It demonstrates understatement and warped logic because the Fathers have everything then how does citizens have "reason and justice" when they don't have anything. It does not make any sense since people don't understand what is "justice and reason" because they are lacking something. Justice means fairness and reason means the ability to think clearly. However, the people wouldn't be able to comprehend "justice and reason" when they don't even have it. How is it a "masterpiece" where the people would not know how to identify their lack of power and rights. It is an understatement because it is making it less dramatic to show the rights and power citizens lack. It is understating the rights and power the Fathers have against the people. It is also warped logic because how can the people have "justice and reason" where they don't even have anything to begin with.
2."here they kill Spaniards, in Madrid they send them to heaven. I find the whole thing delightful." (53)- This quote shows warped logic and understatement. The quote "here they kill Spaniards, in Madrid they send them to heaven," shows the element of understatement because Cacambo (the person who said this) isn't making it so dramatic to how the Fathers are killing people and he find "the whole thing delightful." It is making it less important to how killing is right for them, therefore it is also showing warped logic. The logic being given is killing. The universal rule of human being is that killing is wrong. However, Cacambo agrees with the Fathers' way of kill even though it is wrong. Some may say, they would disagree with me but is it naturally delightful to kill a person, an average human being. Would people really find it delightful to slaughter other people, such as the Spaniards? It is using warped logic and understatement to praise and ridicule the ways of religion and power being abused.
The Jesuits are organized into provinces, each with a provincial superior, (usually referred to as the "Provincial Father" or just "Provincial"). In addition, "Reverend" is a title of respect for a clergyman. That is why Cunegonde's brother is called "Reverend Father Provincial".
Jacky, the word "pike" has two different meanings. You were right that it's a large sharp-toothed freshwater fish, but it's also a medieval weapon consisting of an iron or steel spearhead joined to a long pole. I believe that it's a weapon in the text.
retreat: a place of refuge guinea fowl: a west African bird having dark plumage mottled with white; native to Africa but raised for food in many parts of the world
"She'll become whatever she can. Women always manage to find something to do with themselves; God looks after them."(52) -Exaggeration/ Warped logic Candide is worried about Cunegonde since they've been separated. However, Cacambo is telling him that she'll be fine because God looks after women.
"If a man doesn't get what he wants in one world, he can find it in another." (52) -Exaggeration Cacambo is telling Candide to forget about Cunegonde; a better future awaits in Paraguay. However, there's no guarantee for that.
"Come with me, you're going to be the happiest man in the world." (53) -Exaggeration Cacambo thinks that if Candide tells the Jesuits about the Bulgar drills, he will make a fortune and therefore, become the "happiest man in the world", which is exaggerated. However, wealth doesn't necessarily mean happiness.
Vocabulary: Valet: Manservant who acts as a personal attendant to his employer Tucumán: A city in North Western Argentina Choir boy: Boy who sings in a company of singers, especially an organized group employed in church service Sexton: An official of a church charged with taking care of the edifice and its contents, ringing the bell, etc., and sometimes with burying the dead Assumption: To take for granted; arrogance; assuming Confessors: One who confesses Border Post: Station located on the part of an outer boundary Commandant: Commanding officer of a place, group, etc. Pike: A shafted weapon having a pointed head used to pierce, wound or kill (Think of a staff-like weapon with blade on it or a spear) Reverend: Title of respect applied to or prefixed to name of a member of the clergy or a religious order Father: (In this case) Leader of an association, council, etc. Provincial: Belonging to some particular province (an administrative division or unit of a country Spurs: U-shaped device that is strapped onto the heel of the boot Arbor: Leafy, shady recess formed by tree branches, shrubs, etc Colonnade: A series of regularly spaced columns supporting an entablature and usually one side of a roof Trelliswork: Work consisting of crossed strips usually arranged in a diagonal pattern of open spaces Colibris: Small colorful looking hummingbird Complexion: The natural color, texture, and appearance of the skin, especially of the face Oat: A cereal grass Hem: Edge or border Torrent: A rushing, violent, or abundant and unceasing stream of anything Jesuit: A member of a Roman Catholic religious order (Society of Jesus) founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 1534
Time Period Elements: The time period that is Voltaire sets his characters in is the Spanish Inquisition and the Portuguese Inquisition. During this time, the King of Spain and the King of Portugal released a bunch of investigators to find out who was converting from Judaism to Catholicism or people known as conversos (new sects of Christianity) were practicing Catholicism and tortured or killed them. The Jesuits were a group of Catholics founded by Saint Ignatius, a former military officer. Since the King of Spain and the King of Portugal was trying to stop Catholicism from spreading all over their lands, the Jesuits, conversos and Catholic were their enemy. The Seven Years War also played a role here because the cause that started the war was the started with the raging battle of religions (Protestants and Catholics). The Seven Years War was the very war where the King of Spain and the King of Portugal (Protestants) fought with opposing Catholics forces such as the Jesuit.
katheryn j.b I think that voltaire is satirizing religion, social classes, and also optimism.
optimism:"women always manage to find something to do with themselves; god looks after them" (52)--> this qoute shows irony and warped logic because its kind of wierd to say something like that ,it's like saying a women at that time didnt do anything with her self but would find something to do. thats basically saying that person has no life.
social classes:"the fathers have everything, the people nothing" (53)--> this shows an understatement. when this qoute was said it the book, the mood was very calm. it was as if it did not matter whether or not the poor people have the money or not
social classes:"my captain and i are starving, and he's not a spaniard:he's a german." (53) -->this shows irony exaggeration and warped logic. if candide's friend had not said that he was german what would happen to candide? would he die?
religion:"since he is german, i can talk to him" (54) --> this shows warped logic. that made me think and ask what if haitian asian or something else would he be able to talk to him. this connects to religion because maybe what he believes in may say you can't talk to people that are not german.
social classes:"the commandant dismissed the negro slaves..." (55)--> this is exaggeration. voltaire could havee just used slaves instead of negro referring to black black slaves. from that i assume that they were races and maybe there was slavery going on in that time. and why would he have slaves if he claims to believe in God
religion:"he gave a thousand thanks to god and saint ignatius"(55)-->this can count as an exaggeration because voltaire through out the book says a person would give thanks to a saint and for every praise you would have to praise a specific saint.
religion:"since they were germans, they sat at table for a long time..." (55)--> this shows warped logic and exaggeration. voltaire does not have to keep on exaggerating the fact that candide is a german we knew that since the first chapter.
Satirized Concept: Power The very words that Cacambo uses to describe the Fathers can easily show that power is being satirized. In addition to this, Cacambo makes the negative things he describes of the Father’s power as a good thing thus showing the irony of his own words.
“Their government is a wonderful thing… The Fathers have everything, the people nothing; it’s a masterpiece of reason and justice” (49). [Exaggeration/Irony/Warped Logic] Cacambo exclaims to Candide that the Fathers’ rule is obviously a harmonious and justified but his statement contradicts itself in a high manner, exaggerating the Fathers’ rule. Justice is a balance, not a system where a selected few can hog all the power. Also, Cacambo seems to be awfully one-sided in his statement/argument thus making it seem like he is purposely not looking at the errors of the Father’s rule.
“I don’t know of anyone as divine as the Fathers…here they kill Spaniards, in Madrid they send them to heavon” (49). [Irony/Warped Logic/Ridiculous Names] Cacambo’s statements are truly turned off, since he cannot stop “praising” the Fathers in Paraguay and he praises the Father’s negative effects and impacts, making this awfully ironic. In my own opinion, the ridiculous name is the title “Father.” I mean, what is the point calling a member of a clergy Father when they kill and murder, which contradicts the rule they must follow (Ten Commandants [One of the Commandants state: Thou shall not kill])? “…over here, they wage war against the King of Spain and the King of Portugal, and in Europe they’re the confessors of those same kings” (49). [Understatement/Irony] The Fathers are the King of Spain’s and the King of Portugal’s foe, so why would they confess to these same kings? This seems a bit off from what Cacambo is trying to tell Candide and yet it is humorously ironic.
Satirized Concept: Ethnicity During their brief wait to join the Jesuit’s side, Cacambo and Candide are denied entry to the Jesuit’s side or to even talk to the Fathers because Candide is assumed to be a Spaniard. With this assumption, Candide is denied any access to neither the Fathers’ kingdom nor a simple word with the Fathers and is surrounded by many guards. Also when Candide’s true race is told to the commandant (German), he is greeted with splendors and wonderful things.
“…you won’t be able to kiss his spurs for another three hours” (50) [Understatement] The sergeant who tells Candide and Cacambo that they cannot see the Father Provincial is one thing but when he tells them that they cannot kiss the Father Provincial’s spurs for another three hours displays scorn and little contempt. This little statement is marked towards Candide, since the sergeant believes that Candide is a Spaniard.
“‘God be praised!’ said the commandant. ‘Since he’s German, I can talk to him. Have him brought to my arbor.’” (50) [Warped Logic/Understatement] What if Candide was a Spaniard? The commandant is not blind, deaf or shown to be relatively disabled to converse with another man, so why does he exclaim that he can only speak with Germans? This is awfully naïve under technical terms.
Not sure if I am correct, but do you all think the time event for this chapter was set around the Spanish Inquisition, Portuguese Inquisition, and the Seven Years War? I mean, I basically put two and two together yet I'm seeing the history of Paraguay and a lot of things that makes me feel like my data is incorrect and invalid.
I think I understand what you mean Wai Wing. I cannot prove if you are right or not. I did some reseach on the Spanish Inquisition history as a reminder.
Historical Content (Time Period)
The Spanish Inquisition is one of the darker periods of Spanish history which shrouded Spain for over 350 years. This era of severe censorship, paranoia, torture, autos-da-fé, death, and the general persecution of heretics. In other words anybody who deliberately disagreed with the principles of the Catholic church would be punished. It began in 1478 and lasted until 1834. In both scope and intensity, the Spanish Inquisition far surpassed the Medieval Inquisition, from which the Catholic monarchs took the original idea.
Wai Wing, have you considered the possibility that the commandant only speaks German? What if he cannot speak any other language? That should explain why he refuses to see a Spaniard, because they wouldn't be able to communicate to each other.
Hmm...I see, but as we clearly read, the commandant was the brother of Cunegonde, obviously a German and should ought to be able to speak German. Also, the time event at this time is the Inquisitions and the Seven Years War, and the "Father" would not want to hear from a foe on the opposing side, but yes, your idea does make logical sense. Still find it funny that they didn't kill Candide out of their own assumptions that they thought he was Spaniard. Shows that some people in the world actually do ask questions first.
"An excellent meal had been served in golden vessels, and while the Paraguayans were eating corn from wooden bowls in the blazing sunlight of the open fields, His Reverence the Commandant entered his arbor." (54) -Exaggeration/Irony The commandant possesses all the luxury. He has golden vessels and exquisite food, which he serves to Candide and not the Paraguayans. On the other hand, the Paraguayans have only corn and they eat from wooden bowls. What's ironic about it is that the commandant is a German, yet he's living a better lifestyle than the Paraguayans themselves. This portrays social inequality.
Vocabulary:
ReplyDeleteCadiz- A seaport in SW Spain, on a bay of the Atlantic.
Tucuman Province of Argentina- One of the country's largest cities lies in one of its smallest provinces.
Province- The parts of a country outside of the capital or the largest cities.
Saddled- A seat for a rider on the back of a horse or other animal.
Jesuits- a member of a Roman Catholic religious
order (Society of Jesus)founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 1534.
Spurs- U -shaped device that slips over and straps to the heel of a boot and has a blunt, pointed, or roweled projection at the back for use by a mounted rider to urge a horse forward.
Reverence- A feeling or attitude of deep respect tinged with awe; veneration.
Arbor-a leafy, shady recess formed by tree branches, shrubs, etc.
Colonnade- a series of trees planted in a long row, as on each side of a driveway or road.
Complexion- the natural color, texture, and appearance of the skin, especially of the face.
Reverend- pertaining to or characteristic of the clergy.
Satire Elements:
ReplyDeleteExaggeration- " Each word they spoke during their long conversation brought some new wonder to light. Their whole soul flew from their tongues..."(51).
Understatement- "Must i leave you just when the governor is about to celebrate our wedding? I've brought you so far from home, Cunegonde: what will become of you know?".......... :She'll become whatever she can," said Cacambo." (48).
Warped Logic-"What! Is it really you, Reverend Father? You, the brother of my fair Cunegonde!" (51)
Irony- " You were killed by the Bulgars! You, the son of My Lord the Baron! You, a Jesuit in Paraguay! this world is a strange place, there's no denying it ! Oh, Pangloss, Pangloss! How happy you'd be if you hadn't been hanged!" (51).
Ridiculous Name- "Reverend Father"
Jacky Lee
ReplyDeletevalet- (n) a male personal servant of a man, whose duties include taking care of his employer's clothes and providing his meals.
sexton- (n) the caretaker of a church and its graveyard whose duties often include ringing the bell and digging graves.
commercial- (adj.) relating to the buying and selling of goods or services.
commandant- (n) officer in charge; command of a military organization
pike- (n) large sharp-toothed freshwater fish
trelliswork- (n) open framework; usually for supporting plants
Negro- (n) usually represent to show a black person
Buenos Aires- The capital and largest city of Argentina, in the eastern part of the country on the Río de la Plata. Founded by the Spanish in 1536, it became the national capital in 1862. The highly industrialized city is also a major port.
Jesuit:
ReplyDelete-Played a very important role in the counter reformation.
-Founded by Ignatius Loyola
-Fought in the army of Charles V.
-Was hit by a cannonball and badly damaged his left leg.
-While recovering, he thought his life seemed purposeless.
-Started reading about Christ and saints.
-Spent his time confessing and helping the sick.
Loyola’s "Constitutions"
1) The Jesuits were to be at the disposal of the pope.
2) They were to go wherever he ordered them to go to save souls.
3) They were never to accept a bishopric etc. unless the pope ordered it.
4) They were to wear no special habit.
5) There were to be no special mortification’s, e.g. no fasting without a medical report.
6) They were excused from communal prayer and masses.
7) All members were to take the three traditional monastic vows. An elite would take a fourth vow of direct obedience to the pope if he sent them on a foreign mission.
8) Faith was to be spread by preaching, spiritual exercises, charity and education in Christianity.
katheryn jean-baptiste
ReplyDeleteJesuits were educators, scholars, and missionaries throughout the world. They were also preachers and catechists who devoted themselves to the young, the sick, prisoners, prostitutes, and soldiers. They were often called upon to be confessors to the ruling families of Europe. By the time of Ignatius's death in 1556, there were about a thousand Jesuits. One century later, there were over fifteen thousand; near the end of the following century, almost twenty-three thousand.
As time passed, because of the high visibility of the Jesuits among religious orders, their strong defense of the papacy, their work in the missions on behalf of the indigenous peoples, their apparent power at royal courts and in the Church as well as because of their own pride and occasional failings in judgment, they aroused the hostility of many lay and clerical adversaries.
adalucian coming from the word "Andalucia" ...is the largest of Spain's 17 autonomous regions and it's the one which evokes the most powerful images of a country famed for its flamenco, fiestas, bullfighting and raw passion.
ReplyDeleteIt's a land which has both spawned and inspired great writers, poets, actors and painters. Andalucia gave birth to Pablo Picasso and the 17th century royal painter Velasquez and it held an enduring fascination for novelists Ernest Hemingway and Laurie Lee. It's the setting for the most performed and famous opera of all time, Bizet's Carmen. And it's a unique place where east meets west in an exotic melting pot of Jewish, gypsy, Moorish and Christian cultures.
katheryn jean-baptiste
ReplyDeletethe history of paraguay
When Italian explorer Sebastian Cabot first sailed up what is now called the Parana River in 1526, the surrounding lands here were home to many fierce indigenous Indian tribes.
Spain's famed navigator, Juan de Salazar, subsequently founded the now capital city of Asuncion in 1537. In short order the Spanish began to colonize the interior, the Jesuits converted the Indians to Catholicism, and all seemed right on track.
On the surface Paraguay appeared to be a potentially valuable Spanish dominion, but then, with no gold found, no silver to be mined, and no local Indians forced into slave labor, this isolated colony remained peaceful, and for the most part, out of the spotlight of the Spanish Crown.
After 250 years of Spanish rule, and the overthrow of the Spanish King by Napoleon, Paraguay finally became independent in 1811, and in fact, was one of the first countries on the continent to do so.
Independence in Paraguay fathered dictatorships, revolutions, coups and brutal military rule, as well as a number of costly wars. In the disastrous War of the Triple Alliance (1865-70), Paraguay lost two-thirds of all adult males and much of its territory.
And you guessed it, Paraguay's economy crashed, political infighting continued, and a long series of dictatorships prevailed on into the late 20th century, including the 35-year military dictatorship of Alfredo Stroessner, which was overthrown in 1989.
Despite a marked increase in political unrest in the last few years, as well as a public assassination and three failed coups, Paraguay has held relatively free presidential elections since 2000.
And with Paraguay's access to the Atlantic Ocean through the Parana River; numerous natural resources, and an improving tourism infrastructure - it remains a land of opportunity and great promise
Voltaire is satirizing religion and social classes. Its said that "The Reverend Father Provincial did not allow any Spaniard to open his mouth in his presence or remain in the country for more than three hours."(49)
ReplyDelete-This shows that Voltaire is satirizing religion because the word "Reverend" can also mean "Worthy of respect" which shows that Pangloss was seen as a person that had to be respected and had all the power. Therefore saying that when ever Pangloss would speak, no one could interfere or talk and pay attention. Also, the term "Reverend" can also have some characteristics of the clergy, therefore Pangloss was part of church and was in the upper class.
Voltaire is satirizing social classes too. because "After Candide had kissed the hem of the commandant's robe, they sat down to table." (50) This shows that as Pangloss being the "Reverend Father" people respected him that they praised him and kissed him.
Voltaire is also satirizing social classes when "The commandant dismissed the Negro slaves and Paraguayans who were serving wine to them..."(51) This shows that Voltaire is satirizing social classes because they use black people as slaves to work for them and serve them and when they were done with their job (Serving wine) they were dismissed.
ReplyDelete'pangloss! how happy you'd be if you hadnt been hanged!" this is warped logic. at 1st candide said he was blind folded so he did not see pangloss being hanged but was reassured by his girlfriend saying oh yes i was in the crowd watching it...but now he is alive im having a feeling that he is imortal on the down-low
ReplyDeletei agree with Katheryn and it can also be irony because Pangloss was hanged so it was expected for him to be dead, but now, in chapter 14, it stated that hes alive again !
ReplyDeleteI disagree with Katheryn and Mariela because I think you misunderstood the text in the chapter. Candide say "pangloss! how happy you'd be if you hadnt been hanged," actually was saying toward Cunegonde brother who was alive still. The quote means he wished Pangloss was still alive to see Cunegonde's brother alive and see him as a Reverend Father. I don't think it is saying or showing Pangloss is still alive. I think it was just a misunderstanding of the text. For my advice, read carefully. However, I don't think it is wrong to assume Pangloss is still alive because Voltaire is using a lot of satire to make it confusing for us.
ReplyDeleteOh so you saying that pangloss is actually dead and that they are talking about Cunegonde's Brother?
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDelete~Jacky Lee Period 3
ReplyDeleteValarie is satirizing power and religion
1"The Fathers have everything, the people nothing; it's a masterpiece of reason and justice." (53) -This quote shows understatement and warped logic. It demonstrates understatement and warped logic because the Fathers have everything then how does citizens have "reason and justice" when they don't have anything. It does not make any sense since people don't understand what is "justice and reason" because they are lacking something. Justice means fairness and reason means the ability to think clearly. However, the people wouldn't be able to comprehend "justice and reason" when they don't even have it. How is it a "masterpiece" where the people would not know how to identify their lack of power and rights. It is an understatement because it is making it less dramatic to show the rights and power citizens lack. It is understating the rights and power the Fathers have against the people. It is also warped logic because how can the people have "justice and reason" where they don't even have anything to begin with.
2."here they kill Spaniards, in Madrid they send them to heaven. I find the whole thing delightful." (53)- This quote shows warped logic and understatement. The quote "here they kill Spaniards, in Madrid they send them to heaven," shows the element of understatement because Cacambo (the person who said this) isn't making it so dramatic to how the Fathers are killing people and he find "the whole thing delightful." It is making it less important to how killing is right for them, therefore it is also showing warped logic. The logic being given is killing. The universal rule of human being is that killing is wrong. However, Cacambo agrees with the Fathers' way of kill even though it is wrong. Some may say, they would disagree with me but is it naturally delightful to kill a person, an average human being. Would people really find it delightful to slaughter other people, such as the Spaniards? It is using warped logic and understatement to praise and ridicule the ways of religion and power being abused.
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ReplyDeleteYes i also agree with Katheryn! And i also agree with Jackie that Voltaire is Satirizing Power and Religion based on the evidence he gave.
ReplyDeletei agree with you jacky, but i also think that the qoutes were also ironic, the fact that they thought that way
ReplyDeleteI disagree with you, Mariela. The Reverend Father Provincial is Cunegonde's brother, not Pangloss.
ReplyDeleteThe Jesuits are organized into provinces, each with a provincial superior, (usually referred to as the "Provincial Father" or just "Provincial"). In addition, "Reverend" is a title of respect for a clergyman. That is why Cunegonde's brother is called "Reverend Father Provincial".
ReplyDeleteVocabulary:
ReplyDeleteJacky, the word "pike" has two different meanings. You were right that it's a large sharp-toothed freshwater fish, but it's also a medieval weapon consisting of an iron or steel spearhead joined to a long pole. I believe that it's a weapon in the text.
retreat: a place of refuge
guinea fowl: a west African bird having dark plumage mottled with white; native to Africa but raised for food in many parts of the world
Voltaire is satirizing optimism:
ReplyDelete"She'll become whatever she can. Women always manage to find something to do with themselves; God looks after them."(52) -Exaggeration/ Warped logic
Candide is worried about Cunegonde since they've been separated. However, Cacambo is telling him that she'll be fine because God looks after women.
"If a man doesn't get what he wants in one world, he can find it in another." (52) -Exaggeration
Cacambo is telling Candide to forget about Cunegonde; a better future awaits in Paraguay. However, there's no guarantee for that.
"Come with me, you're going to be the happiest man in the world." (53) -Exaggeration
Cacambo thinks that if Candide tells the Jesuits about the Bulgar drills, he will make a fortune and therefore, become the "happiest man in the world", which is exaggerated. However, wealth doesn't necessarily mean happiness.
Historical Context
ReplyDeleteThe Jesuits are leading a revolution of Paraguayans against the Spanish colonial government.
Wai Wing Lau
ReplyDeleteVocabulary:
Valet: Manservant who acts as a personal attendant to his employer
Tucumán: A city in North Western Argentina
Choir boy: Boy who sings in a company of singers, especially an organized group employed in church service
Sexton: An official of a church charged with taking care of the edifice and its contents, ringing the bell, etc., and sometimes with burying the dead
Assumption: To take for granted; arrogance; assuming
Confessors: One who confesses
Border Post: Station located on the part of an outer boundary
Commandant: Commanding officer of a place, group, etc.
Pike: A shafted weapon having a pointed head used to pierce, wound or kill (Think of a staff-like weapon with blade on it or a spear)
Reverend: Title of respect applied to or prefixed to name of a member of the clergy or a religious order
Father: (In this case) Leader of an association, council, etc.
Provincial: Belonging to some particular province (an administrative division or unit of a country
Spurs: U-shaped device that is strapped onto the heel of the boot
Arbor: Leafy, shady recess formed by tree branches, shrubs, etc
Colonnade: A series of regularly spaced columns supporting an entablature and usually one side of a roof
Trelliswork: Work consisting of crossed strips usually arranged in a diagonal pattern of open spaces
Colibris: Small colorful looking hummingbird
Complexion: The natural color, texture, and appearance of the skin, especially of the face
Oat: A cereal grass
Hem: Edge or border
Torrent: A rushing, violent, or abundant and unceasing stream of anything
Jesuit: A member of a Roman Catholic religious order (Society of Jesus) founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 1534
Time Period Elements:
The time period that is Voltaire sets his characters in is the Spanish Inquisition and the Portuguese Inquisition. During this time, the King of Spain and the King of Portugal released a bunch of investigators to find out who was converting from Judaism to Catholicism or people known as conversos (new sects of Christianity) were practicing Catholicism and tortured or killed them. The Jesuits were a group of Catholics founded by Saint Ignatius, a former military officer. Since the King of Spain and the King of Portugal was trying to stop Catholicism from spreading all over their lands, the Jesuits, conversos and Catholic were their enemy.
The Seven Years War also played a role here because the cause that started the war was the started with the raging battle of religions (Protestants and Catholics). The Seven Years War was the very war where the King of Spain and the King of Portugal (Protestants) fought with opposing Catholics forces such as the Jesuit.
katheryn j.b
ReplyDeleteI think that voltaire is satirizing religion, social classes, and also optimism.
optimism:"women always manage to find something to do with themselves; god looks after them" (52)--> this qoute shows irony and warped logic because its kind of wierd to say something like that ,it's like saying a women at that time didnt do anything with her self but would find something to do. thats basically saying that person has no life.
social classes:"the fathers have everything, the people nothing" (53)--> this shows an understatement. when this qoute was said it the book, the mood was very calm. it was as if it did not matter whether or not the poor people have the money or not
social classes:"my captain and i are starving, and he's not a spaniard:he's a german." (53)
-->this shows irony exaggeration and warped logic. if candide's friend had not said that he was german what would happen to candide? would he die?
religion:"since he is german, i can talk to him" (54)
--> this shows warped logic. that made me think and ask what if haitian asian or something else would he be able to talk to him. this connects to religion because maybe what he believes in may say you can't talk to people that are not german.
social classes:"the commandant dismissed the negro slaves..." (55)--> this is exaggeration. voltaire could havee just used slaves instead of negro referring to black black slaves. from that i assume that they were races and maybe there was slavery going on in that time. and why would he have slaves if he claims to believe in God
religion:"he gave a thousand thanks to god and saint ignatius"(55)-->this can count as an exaggeration because voltaire through out the book says a person would give thanks to a saint and for every praise you would have to praise a specific saint.
religion:"since they were germans, they sat at table for a long time..." (55)--> this shows warped logic and exaggeration. voltaire does not have to keep on exaggerating the fact that candide is a german we knew that since the first chapter.
Wai Wing Lau?
ReplyDeleteSatirized Concept: Power
The very words that Cacambo uses to describe the Fathers can easily show that power is being satirized. In addition to this, Cacambo makes the negative things he describes of the Father’s power as a good thing thus showing the irony of his own words.
“Their government is a wonderful thing… The Fathers have everything, the people nothing; it’s a masterpiece of reason and justice” (49). [Exaggeration/Irony/Warped Logic]
Cacambo exclaims to Candide that the Fathers’ rule is obviously a harmonious and justified but his statement contradicts itself in a high manner, exaggerating the Fathers’ rule. Justice is a balance, not a system where a selected few can hog all the power. Also, Cacambo seems to be awfully one-sided in his statement/argument thus making it seem like he is purposely not looking at the errors of the Father’s rule.
“I don’t know of anyone as divine as the Fathers…here they kill Spaniards, in Madrid they send them to heavon” (49). [Irony/Warped Logic/Ridiculous Names]
Cacambo’s statements are truly turned off, since he cannot stop “praising” the Fathers in Paraguay and he praises the Father’s negative effects and impacts, making this awfully ironic. In my own opinion, the ridiculous name is the title “Father.” I mean, what is the point calling a member of a clergy Father when they kill and murder, which contradicts the rule they must follow (Ten Commandants [One of the Commandants state: Thou shall not kill])?
“…over here, they wage war against the King of Spain and the King of Portugal, and in Europe they’re the confessors of those same kings” (49). [Understatement/Irony]
The Fathers are the King of Spain’s and the King of Portugal’s foe, so why would they confess to these same kings? This seems a bit off from what Cacambo is trying to tell Candide and yet it is humorously ironic.
Satirized Concept: Ethnicity
ReplyDeleteDuring their brief wait to join the Jesuit’s side, Cacambo and Candide are denied entry to the Jesuit’s side or to even talk to the Fathers because Candide is assumed to be a Spaniard. With this assumption, Candide is denied any access to neither the Fathers’ kingdom nor a simple word with the Fathers and is surrounded by many guards. Also when Candide’s true race is told to the commandant (German), he is greeted with splendors and wonderful things.
“…you won’t be able to kiss his spurs for another three hours” (50) [Understatement]
The sergeant who tells Candide and Cacambo that they cannot see the Father Provincial is one thing but when he tells them that they cannot kiss the Father Provincial’s spurs for another three hours displays scorn and little contempt. This little statement is marked towards Candide, since the sergeant believes that Candide is a Spaniard.
“‘God be praised!’ said the commandant. ‘Since he’s German, I can talk to him. Have him brought to my arbor.’” (50) [Warped Logic/Understatement]
What if Candide was a Spaniard? The commandant is not blind, deaf or shown to be relatively disabled to converse with another man, so why does he exclaim that he can only speak with Germans? This is awfully naïve under technical terms.
Wai Wing Lau
ReplyDeleteNot sure if I am correct, but do you all think the time event for this chapter was set around the Spanish Inquisition, Portuguese Inquisition, and the Seven Years War? I mean, I basically put two and two together yet I'm seeing the history of Paraguay and a lot of things that makes me feel like my data is incorrect and invalid.
I think I understand what you mean Wai Wing. I cannot prove if you are right or not. I did some reseach on the Spanish Inquisition history as a reminder.
ReplyDeleteHistorical Content (Time Period)
The Spanish Inquisition is one of the darker periods of Spanish history which shrouded Spain for over 350 years. This era of severe censorship, paranoia, torture, autos-da-fé, death, and the general persecution of heretics. In other words anybody who deliberately disagreed with the principles of the Catholic church would be punished. It began in 1478 and lasted until 1834. In both scope and intensity, the Spanish Inquisition far surpassed the Medieval Inquisition, from which the Catholic monarchs took the original idea.
OH! Sorry Mrs. Karvunis! The last comment was mine, if you didn't know who it was.
ReplyDelete~Jacky Lee
Wai Wing, have you considered the possibility that the commandant only speaks German? What if he cannot speak any other language? That should explain why he refuses to see a Spaniard, because they wouldn't be able to communicate to each other.
ReplyDeleteWai Wing Lau
ReplyDeleteHmm...I see, but as we clearly read, the commandant was the brother of Cunegonde, obviously a German and should ought to be able to speak German. Also, the time event at this time is the Inquisitions and the Seven Years War, and the "Father" would not want to hear from a foe on the opposing side, but yes, your idea does make logical sense. Still find it funny that they didn't kill Candide out of their own assumptions that they thought he was Spaniard. Shows that some people in the world actually do ask questions first.
Voltaire is satirizing social hierarchy:
ReplyDelete"An excellent meal had been served in golden vessels, and while the Paraguayans were eating corn from wooden bowls in the blazing sunlight of the open fields, His Reverence the Commandant entered his arbor." (54) -Exaggeration/Irony
The commandant possesses all the luxury. He has golden vessels and exquisite food, which he serves to Candide and not the Paraguayans. On the other hand, the Paraguayans have only corn and they eat from wooden bowls. What's ironic about it is that the commandant is a German, yet he's living a better lifestyle than the Paraguayans themselves. This portrays social inequality.